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Q. How illegal trans-border migration does pose a threat to India’s security? Discuss the strategies to curb this, bring out the factors which give impetus to such migration. (200 words, 12.5 Marks)

Answer:

Approach:

Introduction

  • Begin with the presentation of the issue at hand – illegal trans-border migration into India, underlining its significance in terms of national security.

Body

  • Mention the various security threats posed by illegal migration.
  • Discuss the strategies implemented by the Indian government to tackle this issue.
  • Mention the various factors contributing to illegal migration.

Conclusion

  • Conclude by acknowledging the complexity of the issue and the need for a comprehensive and balanced approach that takes into account security concerns, socio-economic implications, and humanitarian aspects.

Introduction:

Illegal trans-border migration into India, particularly in regions such as Assam and Tamil Nadu, poses a considerable threat to the nation’s security. The vast, diverse geography of India, coupled with its economic prospects, makes it a target for illicit migration. The magnitude of this issue can be gauged from a report published by the Ministry of Home Affairs in 2020, which estimated that there are over 2 million illegal immigrants residing in India, a significant number of which are in Assam and Tamil Nadu.

Body:

Security Threats Posed by Illegal Trans-Border Migration:

  • Terrorism and Infiltration:
    • The 2008 Mumbai attacks, in which terrorists used sea routes to infiltrate the country, underscored the risks posed by illegal migration.
    • In Tamil Nadu, there have been concerns about links between illegal Sri Lankan immigrants and militant groups such as the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE).
  • Crime and Insurgency:
    • Illegal migration has been linked to an upsurge in criminal activities.
    • For example, the India-Bangladesh border has reportedly been a hotbed for smuggling and human trafficking. I
    • n the North-Eastern states, insurgency has been fueled by unchecked illegal migration.
  • Social Unrest:
    • Rapid demographic shifts due to illegal migration have led to social tensions and violence.
    • The Assam Agitation in the 1980s and more recently, sporadic violence against Sri Lankan refugees in Tamil Nadu, highlight this issue.

Strategies to Curb Illegal Trans-Border Migration:

  • Enhanced Surveillance:
    • India has significantly beefed up its border security.
    • The Comprehensive Integrated Border Management System (CIBMS) project leverages technology for enhanced border monitoring.
    • In Tamil Nadu, coastal security has been strengthened to prevent illegal maritime migration from Sri Lanka.
  • Legal Measures:
    • The government has undertaken various legal measures such as the National Register of Citizens (NRC) in Assam and the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) at the national level.
    • However, these initiatives have sparked significant debate due to their potential humanitarian implications.
  • Bilateral Cooperation:
    • India has sought to bolster cooperation with its neighbors.
    • The 2015 Land Boundary Agreement with Bangladesh is a significant milestone in this regard.

Factors Driving Illegal Trans-Border Migration:

  • Economic Opportunity: The relatively better economic prospects in India act as a significant pull factor for migrants from countries like Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.
  • Political Unrest and Conflict: Political instability and conflict in neighboring nations, such as the Sri Lankan Civil War, have driven people to seek refuge in India.
  • Environmental Factors: Climate change and related disasters are becoming a notable driver of migration, particularly from Bangladesh’s low-lying areas.
  • Socio-cultural Ties: Shared linguistic and cultural ties facilitate integration of migrants into the local population, as witnessed with Sri Lankan Tamils in Tamil Nadu.

Conclusion:

Addressing the challenge of illegal trans-border migration requires a nuanced, multi-pronged approach that factors in security imperatives, socio-economic dynamics, and humanitarian concerns. The intensity and multi-dimensional aspects of this issue underscore the need for comprehensive, sustainable solutions.

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AVAILABLE FOR DOWNLOAD SOON
UDAAN PRELIMS WALLAH
Comprehensive coverage with a concise format
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हिंदी में भी उपलब्ध
Quick Revise Now !
UDAAN PRELIMS WALLAH
Comprehensive coverage with a concise format
Integration of PYQ within the booklet
Designed as per recent trends of Prelims questions
हिंदी में भी उपलब्ध

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