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The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) recently summoned the Bangladesh Acting High Commissioner to India, over “security measures at the border, including on fencing”.
India’s border management involves multiple agencies and forces, each with specific responsibilities depending on the type of border and associated challenges. The coordination among these agencies is crucial for effective management.
Golden Triangle:
Golden Crescent:
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BOLD-QIT: Border Electronically Dominated QRT Interception Technique.
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India’s border management strategy must balance security concerns with developmental goals to enhance bilateral relations and ensure sustainable peace.
Recently, the Union Minister for Education released the draft UGC (Minimum Qualifications for Appointment & Promotion of Teachers and Academic Staff in Universities and Colleges and Measures for the Maintenance of Standards in Higher Education) Regulations, 2025.
About the University Grants Commission (UGC)
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Appointment of Vice-Chancellors (VCs)
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Governor Role as Chancellor
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Centre’s Role in EducationThe Centre plays a significant role in shaping and regulating education in India through legislative, administrative, and financial measures.
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States vs Centre over Vice-Chancellor Appointments
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While the UGC Draft Regulations, 2025, introduce forward-looking reforms aligned with NEP 2020, they risk undermining federalism, equity, and academic integrity. Addressing these concerns requires collaborative policymaking, resource allocation, and phased implementation.
The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has successfully conducted trials of India’s indigenous Anti-Tank Missile- Nag Mark 2 at the Pokhran Field Range in Rajasthan.
About Fire-and-Forget Missiles
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The Konkan region, situated between the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghats, is famous for its unique geographical features, including the sada.
About Konkan Region
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A recent study reveals that Deccan Volcanism, despite its catastrophic effects on terrestrial fauna such as the extinction of dinosaurs, caused only regional and short-term impacts on tropical flora.
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NLR and CA
The Nearest Living Relative (NLR) approach and Coexistence Approach are two different ways of studying extinct species.
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Mass Extinction EventsMass extinctions are catastrophic events leading to the rapid and widespread loss of biodiversity on Earth. These events are often triggered by drastic changes in the Earth’s climate, carbon cycle, or catastrophic occurrences such as asteroid impacts or massive volcanic eruptions. Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) Extinction
Major Mass Extinction Events
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Parbati-Kalisindh-Chambal-Eastern Rajasthan Canal Project will submerge 37 sq km of the Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve, effectively splitting it into two sections, raising ecological concerns.
About Chambal River Basin
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SEBI Chairperson Madhabi Puri Buch emphasized the potential of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs), Infrastructure Investment Trusts (InvITs), and Municipal Bonds to match or exceed fundraising in the debt market over the next decade.
Aspect | Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) | Infrastructure Investment Trusts (InvITs) | Municipal Bonds (Munibonds) |
Definition | Entities channeling funds into income-producing real estate. | Collective schemes investing in infrastructure projects. | Debt instruments issued by urban local bodies (ULBs) for infrastructure funding. |
Primary Focus | Real estate properties (income-generating or under construction). | Infrastructure projects like roads, energy, and transmission lines. | Socio-economic projects like schools, hospitals, and bridges. |
Key Features |
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Significance |
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SEBI Guidelines | 90% income distribution, investment restrictions on agriculture/vacant land. | Restrictions on leverage and sponsor’s stake; 90% income distribution required. | Municipality must have positive net worth, no defaults, and compliant promoters/directors. |
Target Investors | Retail and institutional investors seeking real estate exposure. | Institutional investors and long-term investors (e.g., pension funds). | Public investors interested in fixed returns and tax benefits. |
Sectoral Examples | Commercial real estate, office spaces, and malls. | Renewable energy projects, highways, and utilities. | Urban infrastructure like sanitation, roads, and schools. |
About SEBI
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Context: The Bharat Climate Forum was recently launched to position India as a global leader in clean tech manufacturing.
Context: A Drishti 10 Starliner drone, developed by Adani Defence and Aerospace, crashed off the Porbandar coast, Gujarat.
Context: Recently, The Odisha government signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the National Health Authority (NHA) to implement Ayushman Bharat-Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) in the state.
Gopabandhu Jan Arogya Yojana (GJAY)
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Context: The Defence Minister launched the ‘Bharat Ranbhoomi Darshan’ on January 15 to mark the 77th Army Day.
Context: The Union Minister of Commerce and Industry has recently inaugurated the National Turmeric Board (NTB)
Context: The government has recently reconstituted the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC).
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