{"id":30988,"date":"2023-08-02T12:27:00","date_gmt":"2023-08-02T06:57:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/?post_type=docs&#038;p=30988"},"modified":"2023-08-02T12:27:00","modified_gmt":"2023-08-02T06:57:00","slug":"lord-dalhousie-1848-1856","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/upsc-notes\/lord-dalhousie-1848-1856\/","title":{"rendered":"Lord Dalhousie (1848-1856)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><b>Introduction<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Between 1848 to 1856, Lord Dalhousie, whose real name was<\/span><b> James Andrew Ramsay,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> presided as India&#8217;s governor-general. By using the doctrine of lapse, he annexed numerous states. During his tenure, the first <\/span><b>railway line connecting Bombay and Thane<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was inaugurated in 1853, and the following year, a telegraph link was established between Calcutta and Agra. He also instituted P.W.D. and passed the <\/span><b>Widow Remarriage Act (1856)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, among other measures.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-30989\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/003.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"242\" height=\"228\" \/><br \/>\n<b>Significant Events During Dalhousie Tenure<\/b><\/h2>\n<h2><b>Second Anglo-Sikh War(<\/b><b>1848-49)<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848\u20131849), which resulted in the annexation of Punjab and the<\/span><b> end of the Sikh Kingdom, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">was the first significant struggle during the early years of Lord Dalhousie&#8217;s reign. <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To monitor the implementation of the Treaty of Lahore&#8217;s policies, <\/span><b>Sir Henry Lawrence <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">was chosen in the Lahore Darbar. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Due to a sickness, he left England, and the Lahore Durbar appointed <\/span><b>Sir Frederick Currie <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">as his replacement.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Second Anglo-Burmese War (1852-53)<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On February 24, 1826, Burma and the East India Company signed the <\/span><b>Treaty of Yandaboo<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, ending the First Anglo-Burmese War. The war&#8217;s course was as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The relationships remained cordial for the following 20 years, but the Burmese Kings were annoyed by the English merchants who began pouring into the nation and settling there.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The struggle came to a conclusion without a treaty being signed in January 1853 when a <\/span><b>proclamation of annexation <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">was read out.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Due to this war,<\/span><b> Pegu changed its name to Lower Burma and gave the British Empire<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> control of the region. There was now British control from Singapore to Chittagong in the east.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Doctrine Of Lapse<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dalhousie established the Doctrine of Lapse, which <\/span><b>prohibited such monarchs from adopting a son<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to ascend to their thrones and stated that the British would take over Indian nations if there was no natural heir.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to this doctrine, on account of the failure of natural heirs, <\/span><b>sovereignty passes on to the British.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Dalhauise found it a convenient way of extending the Company\u2019s territories.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, this doctrine was<\/span><b> not originally developed by Dalhousie.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Evaluation Of Dalhousie Tenure<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is substantial debate surrounding his assessment. He was in charge of bringing about many contemporary changes.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He played an important role in the establishment of <\/span><b>India&#8217;s railways, telegraph, and postal systems,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as well as its public works system. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He oversaw the completion of the <\/span><b>Ganga Canal.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lord Dalhousie is sometimes referred to as the <\/span><b>&#8220;Maker of Modern India.&#8221;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Additionally, Lord Dalhousie founded numerous Anglo-Vernacular schools in India. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He also implemented <\/span><b>social reforms<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, like outlawing the practise of killing female infants. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He was adamant that <\/span><b>Indian administrative structures needed <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to be replaced and that<\/span><b> Western changes <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">were both essential and preferable.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b># PW-OnlyIAS Edge<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under Dalhousie&#8217;s rule, the <\/span><b>Grand Trunk Road <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">connecting Calcutta and Peshawar was repaired.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many bridges over different rivers, as well as the <\/span><b>Ganges Canal and Punjab&#8217;s canals,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> were constructed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The<\/span><b> Telegraph Department<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was founded in 1852. In total, the Telegraphs travelled around 4,000 miles. Telegraphs linked important cities like Calcutta and Peshawar, Bombay and Madras.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 1854, Sir Charles Wood, the Board of Control&#8217;s president, handed him instructions on <\/span><b>education in India.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<h2><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He is credited for establishing East India Company dominance in India, laying the groundwork for its later governance, and assisting his successors in putting down the revolt by enacting prudent policies. He ruled India before the nation entered the Victorian Raj period of governance. <\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Dalhousie FAQs<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><b>Q1. What did Lord Dalhousie&#8217;s growth from 1848 to 1856 entail?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Ans. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By using the doctrine of lapse, he annexed numerous states. During his administration, the first railway line between Bombay and Thane was inaugurated in 1853, and the following year a telegraph link was established between Calcutta and Agra. He also instituted P.W.D. and passed the Widow Remarriage Act (1856), among other measures.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Q2. Which Indian state was the first to annex territory under the Dalhousie Doctrine of Lapse?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ans. As there was no male heir present when the state&#8217;s king passed away in 1848, Satara became the first state to be annexed under the doctrine of lapse.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Q3. Which states came under the Doctrine of Lapse?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Ans.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Satara (1848), Jaipur and Sambalpur (1849), Bhagat (1850), Udaipur (1852), Jhansi (1853), and Nagpur (1854) were the next states to be annexed under the Doctrine of Lapse.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction Between 1848 to 1856, Lord Dalhousie, whose real name was James Andrew Ramsay, presided as India&#8217;s governor-general. By using the doctrine of lapse, he annexed numerous states. During his tenure, the first railway line connecting Bombay and Thane was inaugurated in 1853, and the following year, a telegraph link was established between Calcutta and&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/upsc-notes\/lord-dalhousie-1848-1856\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Lord Dalhousie (1848-1856)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"doc_category":[],"doc_tag":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/30988"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/docs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30988"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/30988\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30988"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"doc_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_category?post=30988"},{"taxonomy":"doc_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_tag?post=30988"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}