{"id":31013,"date":"2023-08-02T13:10:02","date_gmt":"2023-08-02T07:40:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/?post_type=docs&#038;p=31013"},"modified":"2023-08-02T13:10:02","modified_gmt":"2023-08-02T07:40:02","slug":"lord-lytton-1876-1880","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/upsc-notes\/lord-lytton-1876-1880\/","title":{"rendered":"Lord Lytton (1876-1880)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><b>Introduction<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As Lord Lytton, Edward Robert Lytton Bulwer-Lytton, <\/span><b>1st Earl of Lytton<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, served as <\/span><b>Viceroy of India <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">from 1876 to 1880. He was an English politician. He is well known as a brutal viceroy due to the way he handled the <\/span><b>Second Anglo-Afghan War<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and the <\/span><b>Great Indian Famine of 1876\u20131878<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. When he was sent to Florence in 1852, his diplomatic career really got going. Before being named British Consul General in Belgrade in 1860, he worked in a number of other European capitals, such as St. Petersburg, Vienna, and Paris.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-31014\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/04.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"203\" height=\"269\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><b>Significant Events During His Tenure<\/b><\/h2>\n<h2><b>Royal Titles Act 1876<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One of Prime Minister Disraeli&#8217;s infamously imperialist policies was th<\/span><b>e Royal Titles Act of 1876. <\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The British imperial title was agreed to be used only in India. It was first used by the Queen in 1878 and on British coins in 1893.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At the Delhi Durbar in 1877, she was given the formal title <\/span><b>Kaisar-i-Hind, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">which means <\/span><b>&#8220;Empress of India.&#8221;<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Delhi Darbar Of 1877<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A Grand Darbar was held in Delhi on January 1, 1877, a few months after Queen Victoria was sworn in as the country&#8217;s viceroy and declared the empress of India. <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>&#8220;Kaisar-i-Hind&#8221; title <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">was bestowed upon Queen Victoria during this Darbar.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Great Famine Of 1876<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The monsoon season in 1877 wasn&#8217;t much better because the ones in 1876 had failed to produce the proper amount of rain. <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This prolonged drought, which spanned from the <\/span><b>Deccan to Cape Comorin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and then moved to northern India, resulted in a famine that was more widespread than any other known in Indian history.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some historians have claimed that the Poet Viceroy Lord Lytton was directly responsible for the <\/span><b>murder of 10 million people <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">during the Famine of 1876\u20131877 because of his unwavering implantation of British trading policies.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Vernacular Press Act 1878<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The country&#8217;s vernacular press experienced a notable expansion in the second half of the 19th century, and newspapers helped to spark the <\/span><b>emergence of a new sociopolitical consciousness. <\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Newspapers used to only be published in<\/span><b> Calcutta, Madras, Bombay, and Allahabad,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> but later began to appear in other, smaller cities as well. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since the majority of newspapers were produced in smaller cities, they were all <\/span><b>written in regional tongues<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. There were 20 English newspapers when this statute was passed in 1878, but there are now 200. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The people were aware of political issues thanks to these local media, and they<\/span><b> gradually began to inquire about their rights<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.  Therefore, Lord Lytton passed the Vernacular Press Act in the interests of the Government.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Second Anglo-Afghan War 1878-80<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The events of Afghanistan once more compelled attention in the winter of 1878. The British were humiliated at the end of the First Anglo-Afghan War in 1842, and this defeat followed them for a long time. <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Treaty of Peshawar(1855): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 1855, Dost Mohammad and the British signed the Treaty of Peshawar, which reestablished diplomatic ties. After a string of occurrences, Russia drew a firm line between Afghanistan and its lands in 1873.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Treaty of Gandamak(1879): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">During the second Anglo-Afghan war, the British took control of a sizable portion of Afghanistan. After losing, Sher Ali fled in the direction of Turkistan. Mohammad Yaqub Khan, Sher Ali&#8217;s son, signed the Gandamak Treaty in May 1879 to stop a British invasion of the rest of the nation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>#PW-OnlyIAS Edge<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lord Lytton&#8217;s verse<\/span><b> novel Lucile <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">was released in 1860.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">During Lord Lytton&#8217;s administration, the <\/span><b>Indian Arms Act of 1878 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">was enacted into law. This law prohibited all Indians from owning unauthorised weapons. The English, however, were permitted to possess weapons without a permit.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In order to protect the British Traders, Lord Lytton abolished the<\/span><b> tax on imported cotton <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">entering India, which led to economic hardship.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Civil Services Examination&#8217;s <\/span><b>upper age limit was lowered from 21 to 19 years old.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<h2><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Without question, Lytton was a thinker, yet he failed miserably to dominate India. According to experts, Lytton and Curzon were the two viceroys who had the greatest negative impact on India and England&#8217;s standing there. The general populace became dissatisfied with Lytton&#8217;s unpopular and oppressive policies. Now that the discontent had spread, it was dangerous. His initiatives prepared the way for India&#8217;s nationalism to take hold.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction As Lord Lytton, Edward Robert Lytton Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton, served as Viceroy of India from 1876 to 1880. He was an English politician. He is well known as a brutal viceroy due to the way he handled the Second Anglo-Afghan War and the Great Indian Famine of 1876\u20131878. When he was sent&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/upsc-notes\/lord-lytton-1876-1880\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Lord Lytton (1876-1880)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"doc_category":[],"doc_tag":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/31013"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/docs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31013"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/31013\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31013"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"doc_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_category?post=31013"},{"taxonomy":"doc_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_tag?post=31013"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}