{"id":31038,"date":"2023-08-02T13:24:16","date_gmt":"2023-08-02T07:54:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/?post_type=docs&#038;p=31038"},"modified":"2023-08-02T13:24:16","modified_gmt":"2023-08-02T07:54:16","slug":"lord-minto-ii-1905-1910","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/upsc-notes\/lord-minto-ii-1905-1910\/","title":{"rendered":"Lord Minto-II (1905-1910)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><b>Introduction<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gilbert Elliot Murray Kynynmound, the <\/span><b>fourth Earl of Minto<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, served as India&#8217;s 17th viceroy. He was Canada&#8217;s eighth Governor-General before being appointed viceroy. During his presidency, the Muslim League was founded, the INC was split between Surat, and Muslims were given separate electorates, some of the most significant pieces of legislation in British India&#8217;s history. As a result, Lord Minto <\/span><b>carried out Lord Curzon&#8217;s aspirations.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-31039\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/9.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"197\" height=\"236\" \/><span style=\"background-color: var(--global--color-background); color: var(--global--color-primary); font-family: var(--global--font-secondary); font-size: var(--global--font-size-base);\">                                                      <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Significant Events During His Tenure<\/b><\/h2>\n<h2><b>Formation Of Muslim League (1906)<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The creation of the Muslim League was an effort by the British to recognise Muslims as a distinct political entity during the partition of Bengal by the British in the <\/span><b>pretext of designating a separate administrative region for Muslims.<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 1906, Lord Minto proposed the creation of the Muslim League and called all Muslim leaders to Shimla. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Muslim League was founded in part because of <\/span><b>Nawab Salimullah<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, who also played a key role in the division of Bengal.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Surat Split (1907)<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lord Minto-II served as viceroy during the Surat Split of Congress, while Dr Rash Bihari Ghosh presided over the session of the Indian National Congress. At the Banaras session of the Indian National Congress, presided over by Gokhale, the<\/span><b> Moderate-Extremist rift first surfaced in December 1905. <\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The extremists wanted to include all kinds of groups and extend the Boycott and Swadeshi Movements beyond Bengal.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On the other hand, the Moderates were adamantly against boycotting councils and other similar bodies and opposed the movement spreading outside of Bengal.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Morley-Minto Reforms (1909)<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Another name for the Indian Council Act of 1909 is the Morley-Minto Reform. It introduces distinct electorates based on religion and was put in place to <\/span><b>please the moderates (Congress).<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This statute <\/span><b>expanded the number of members in the national and provincial legislative councils.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> However, less than half of the overall membership of these councils were elected members.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Additionally, it should be highlighted that the <\/span><b>elected officials were chosen by<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> landlords, business and industrial associations, institutions, and municipal governments, not the general population.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Communal electorates <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">were introduced by the British as part of these changes. To promote enmity between Muslims and Hindus, this was done. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>1908: Alipore Bomb Case<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><b>Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> detonated a bomb in April 1908 with the intention of assassinating D.H. Kingsford, the Chief Presidency Magistrate of Muzaffarpur. <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Two British women died in the attack, but the magistrate survived. After being surrounded by the police, Prafulla Chaki killed himself. The police detained Khudi Ram Bose. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After a two-year trial, he was executed by hanging. Narendranath Bhattacharya afterwards shot and killed the Indian cop Nandalal Bannerjee who had detained Khudi Ram Bose.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Nasik Conspiracy Case, 1909<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><b>VD Savarkar founded the Abhinav Bharat Society in 1904<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Anant Lakshaman Karkare, a member of this group, killed AMT Jackson, the district magistrate of Nasik, in 1909. <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jackson was well-liked and an expert in Indian culture. 27 members of the Abhinav Bharat Society were found guilty and punished. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">VD Savarkar&#8217;s brother Ganesh was sent to Andaman for Kala Pani.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>#PW-OnlyIAS Edge<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lord Minto came to be known as the <\/span><b>Father of the Communal Electorate in India<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Congress enacted<\/span><b> four resolutions at the Calcutta session of 1906, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">which was <\/span><b>&#8220;presided over by Dadabhai Naoroji,&#8221; <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">as a result of pressure from extremists. These comprised:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Resolution on Bengal Partition<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Self-Government (Swaraj) Resolution<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Boycott Resolution <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Swadeshi Boycott Resolution. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Shyamji Krishna Verma founded India House in London<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to advocate for nationalist ideals among Indians living in Britain. It issued a newspaper called &#8220;The Indian Sociologist&#8221; with the subtitle &#8220;An Organ of Freedom and Political, Social and Religious Reform.&#8221;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Pramathanath Mitra, a lawyer from Calcutta, founded the Anushilan Samiti. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Surendranath Tagore, Sri Aurobindo, Deshabandhu Chittaranjan Das, Bhupendra Natha Datta, Barindra Ghosh, and others were affiliated with this samiti.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<h2><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As Viceroy of India for five years, Lord Minto witnessed and took part in a number of occasions that would alter the course of the continent for all time. Even though it was first just a token gesture, allowing for distinct electorates altered the balance of power in the fight for Indian independence. The stage was already prepared for a series of events that would ultimately lead to one of the most disastrous divides of the century\u2014the Partition of India\u2014even though subsequent events would still determine the subcontinent&#8217;s future.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction Gilbert Elliot Murray Kynynmound, the fourth Earl of Minto, served as India&#8217;s 17th viceroy. He was Canada&#8217;s eighth Governor-General before being appointed viceroy. During his presidency, the Muslim League was founded, the INC was split between Surat, and Muslims were given separate electorates, some of the most significant pieces of legislation in British India&#8217;s&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/upsc-notes\/lord-minto-ii-1905-1910\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Lord Minto-II (1905-1910)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"doc_category":[],"doc_tag":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/31038"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/docs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31038"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/31038\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31038"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"doc_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_category?post=31038"},{"taxonomy":"doc_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_tag?post=31038"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}