{"id":5629,"date":"2021-03-06T10:42:09","date_gmt":"2021-03-06T05:12:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/?page_id=5629"},"modified":"2022-12-14T16:50:11","modified_gmt":"2022-12-14T11:20:11","slug":"%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%a6%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%af-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%81-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a1%e0%a4%bc%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a8","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/upsc-notes\/%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%a6%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%af-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%81-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a1%e0%a4%bc%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a8\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0938\u0902\u0938\u0926\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 (\u0909\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0928)"},"content":{"rendered":"<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #ea6724;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u0926\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 (\u0909\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0928) <\/strong><\/h1>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0906\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<em>,<\/em> \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0907\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0920\u0928, \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e| \u0907\u0928 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0926\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928 \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u0926\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0935\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0948 <\/strong>\u091c\u094b \u0938\u0926\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0938\u092d\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 <em>\/<\/em>\u0938\u092d\u093e\u092a\u0924\u093f \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<em>,<\/em> \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0938\u092d\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937<em>\/<\/em>\u0938\u092d\u093e\u092a\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<em>,<\/em> \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0930\u093f\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f (\u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928<em>) <\/em>\u0938\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0938\u092d\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937<em>\/<\/em>\u0938\u092d\u093e\u092a\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094c\u0902\u092a\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<em>,<\/em> \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u091a\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0938\u092d\u093e<em>\/<\/em>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u0938\u092d\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"100\"><strong>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0926\u0902\u0921<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"136\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"145\"><strong>\u0932\u094b\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"163\"><strong>\u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"180\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/strong><strong> (24 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"100\"><strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f <\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"136\">1950- \u091c\u0949\u0928 \u092e\u0925\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u092b\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0936 \u092a\u0930<\/td>\n<td width=\"145\"><em>\u0907\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0920\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/em>,<em> 1919 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u092c\u093e\u0930 1921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u092c \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948|<\/em><\/td>\n<td width=\"163\"> \u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0928\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u092b\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0936 \u092a\u0930 1964 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e|<\/td>\n<td width=\"180\">\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0938\u092d\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0936\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 1993 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e|<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"100\"><strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0917\u0920\u0928<\/td>\n<td width=\"136\">\u0938\u092d\u0940 30 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0932\u094b\u0915 \u0938\u092d\u093e \u0938\u0947 (\u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f)<\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e <strong>|<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"145\">\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 22 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f  (15 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0938\u092d\u093e + 7 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u0938\u092d\u093e)<\/p>\n<p>-\u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n<p>\u2013\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0915\u0932 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0935<\/p>\n<p>\u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 &#8211; \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940 \u0926\u0932 \u0938\u0947<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8211;<\/strong>\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947|<\/td>\n<td width=\"163\">-\u0932\u094b\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f  \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>-\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/strong><strong> \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"180\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 31 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f (\u0932\u094b\u0915 \u0938\u092d\u093e \u0938\u0947 21 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0938\u092d\u093e \u0938\u0947 10) \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902|<\/p>\n<p>\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0940\u0920\u093e\u0938\u0940\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><em> \u0917\u0920\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948|<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"100\"><strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/td>\n<td width=\"136\">\u0907\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092c\u091c\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0932\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u093f\u092b\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948|<\/td>\n<td width=\"145\">\u0915\u0948\u0917 \u0911\u0921\u093f\u091f \u0930\u093f\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td>\n<td width=\"163\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong> \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0926\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948|<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"180\"><em>\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0947\u092f\u0915\u094b\u0902 <\/em>\u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a <em>\u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/em>, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0926\u093e\u0928 <em>\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 <\/em>\u0914\u0930 <em>\u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0936\u0902\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/em>\u0964 24 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947, 8 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u0938\u092d\u093e <em>\u0924\u0925\u093e <\/em>16 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0938\u092d\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u0940\u0928<em>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f <\/em>\u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"100\"><strong> <\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"136\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"145\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"163\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"180\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"100\">\u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/td>\n<td width=\"136\">\u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/td>\n<td width=\"145\">\u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0916\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915(<strong>CAG)\u2013<\/strong><strong>\u0932\u094b\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong>,<strong> \u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915<\/strong>, <strong>\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0915<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"163\">\u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/td>\n<td width=\"180\">\u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"100\">\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/td>\n<td width=\"136\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930  \u092e\u093f\u0924\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f\u093f\u0924\u093e  \u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u0948\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u091d\u093e\u0935 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e |<\/td>\n<td width=\"145\">\u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/td>\n<td width=\"163\">\u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/td>\n<td width=\"180\">\u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #ea6724;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><strong>\u0915\u0948\u092c\u093f\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902<\/strong><strong><em>:<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0917\u0948\u0930 <em>&#8211;<\/em>\u0938\u0902\u0935\u0948\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/li>\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<em>(<\/em>\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u091c\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0911\u092b \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0928\u0947\u0938<em> ) <\/em>\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940 1961 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926<em> 77 (3) <\/em>\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0924\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 <em>, <\/em>\u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948<em>: &#8220;<\/em>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u092a\u0924\u093f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092e\u0915\u093e\u091c \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u092e\u0915\u093e\u091c \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0906\u0935\u0902\u091f\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n<li>\u0926\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902 <em>: <\/em>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940<em>\u00e0<\/em>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902<\/li>\n<li>\u0924\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 <em>\u00e0<\/em>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924<em> + <\/em>\u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e 3 \u0938\u0947 8 \u0924\u0915 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 <em> +  <\/em>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 <em> + <\/em>\u0935\u0930\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<em> + <\/em>\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932  \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923<em> + <\/em>\u0915\u0948\u092c\u093f\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092d\u093e\u0930\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"718\"><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940\u092f  \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"718\">\n<ul>\n<li>        \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f (\u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0948\u092c\u093f\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948): \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0918\u0930\u0947\u0932\u0942 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u00e0 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 |<\/li>\n<li>        \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f: \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f \u092d\u0940   \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u00e0 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li>        \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f: \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u091a\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0932\u092f, \u0932\u094b\u0915 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902, \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092a\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u00e0\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li>         \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f \u00e0\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li>        \u0938\u0902\u0938\u0926\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f: \u0938\u0902\u0938\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u092e\u0915\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u00e0 \u0917\u0943\u0939\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 |<\/li>\n<li>         \u0906\u0935\u093e\u0938 ( accommodation )\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f |<\/li>\n<li>        \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0948\u092c\u093f\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f\u00e0\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902|<\/li>\n<li>         \u0930\u094b\u091c\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0948\u092c\u093f\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f\u00e0 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902|<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u0926\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 (\u0909\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0928) \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0906\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0907\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0920\u0928, \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e| \u0907\u0928 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0926\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928 \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u0926\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0935\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/upsc-notes\/%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%a6%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%af-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%81-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a1%e0%a4%bc%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a8\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u0938\u0902\u0938\u0926\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 (\u0909\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0928)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"doc_category":[182],"doc_tag":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/5629"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/docs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5629"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/5629\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5629"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"doc_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_category?post=5629"},{"taxonomy":"doc_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_tag?post=5629"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}