{"id":115371,"date":"2025-01-13T14:27:18","date_gmt":"2025-01-13T08:57:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/?p=115371"},"modified":"2025-01-13T14:27:18","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T08:57:18","slug":"nano-catalyst","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/current-affairs\/nano-catalyst\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0915"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u00a0<\/b><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\u0939\u093e\u0932 \u0939\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917 (DST)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0906\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 <\/span><b>\u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 (Institute of Nano Science and Technology-INST)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u092f\u093e <\/span><b>\u0924\u093e\u0901\u092c\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0915 (Copper-Based Catalyst)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u0925\u094d\u092f<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0924\u093e\u0930\u093e-\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0924\u0924\u094d \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<span class=\"vc_green_button\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 84.2623%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<h4><b>\u0938\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094b\u092a\u094b\u0932\u0947\u0928\u093f\u0928 (Sporopollenin)\u00a0<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0932\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0917 \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0940\u091c\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u091f\u094b\u0930\u0947 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e <\/span><b>\u0915\u0949\u092a\u0930 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/span>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\u0924\u093e\u0901\u092c\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0915\u00a0<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u092f\u0939 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0915 <\/span><b>\u0938\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094b\u092a\u094b\u0932\u0947\u0928\u093f\u0928 \u091f\u0947\u0902\u092a\u0932\u0947\u091f (<\/b><b>Sporopollenin Template<\/b><b>) \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0949\u092a\u0930 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0907\u0928 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0941\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0915\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0937\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e, \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0928: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u091c\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u092f\u0939 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0935\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0908 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902, \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930, \u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u0932 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0924\u0939-\u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u092e\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u092a\u0940 (Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy- SERS) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0924\u093e\u0901\u092c\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0924\u093e\u0901\u092c\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0915 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0917\u0941\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0941\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>\u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0924\u093e\u0901\u092c\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0941\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0932\u092d \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>\u0915\u092e \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0924\u093e\u0901\u092c\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 (Cu\u2070, Cu\u207a, Cu\u00b2\u207a, Cu\u00b3\u207a) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>\u092c\u0939\u0941\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u00a0<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>\u0930\u0947\u0921\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901 (Redox Reactions): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923-\u0905\u092a\u091a\u092f\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u092e\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u092e\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0921\u093e\u0907\u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>\u091a\u092f\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u094c\u0917\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u092f\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0917\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 (Hydrogen Evolution Reactions-HER) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<span class=\"vc_green_button\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 93.9739%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<h4><b>\u0939\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0915 (Green catalysts)<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0939\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u0924\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/span>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0915 (Nano Catalyst)\u00a0<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0915 \u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b\u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0916\u092a\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>\u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u0932 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0923 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 1 \u0938\u0947 100 \u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0924\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>\u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b \u0915\u0923 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0938\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>\u091a\u092f\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091b\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0915\u0908 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u092e \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>\u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><b>\u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><b>\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><b>\u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u094d\u091b \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091f\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090a \u0926\u0935\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><b>\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u094d\u091b \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0901\u00a0<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>\u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"4\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0902\u0917\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0935\u093f\u0937\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092a\u091f\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u092d\u0930\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b><\/b><b>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 pH \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0916\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u00a0 \u0939\u093e\u0932 \u0939\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917 (DST) \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0906\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 (Institute of Nano Science and Technology-INST) \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u092f\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0901\u092c\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0915 (Copper-Based Catalyst) \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0924\u093e\u0930\u093e-\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/current-affairs\/nano-catalyst\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0915<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4818],"tags":[],"paper":[4828],"subject":[4836],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/115371"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/37"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=115371"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/115371\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":115373,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/115371\/revisions\/115373"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=115371"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=115371"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=115371"},{"taxonomy":"paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper?post=115371"},{"taxonomy":"subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/subject?post=115371"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}