{"id":119271,"date":"2025-04-19T15:11:11","date_gmt":"2025-04-19T09:41:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/?p=119271"},"modified":"2025-04-19T15:12:14","modified_gmt":"2025-04-19T09:42:14","slug":"lotus-leaf-inspired-graphene-solar-evaporator-for-desalination","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/current-affairs\/lotus-leaf-inspired-graphene-solar-evaporator-for-desalination\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0935\u093f\u0932\u0935\u0923\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u092e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0937\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u00a0<\/b><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IIT \u092c\u0949\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u092f\u093e \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u0940\u0928-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 <\/span><b>\u0921\u0941\u0905\u0932-\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0921\u0947\u0921 \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u091c\u0930-\u0907\u0902\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0938\u094d\u0921 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u0940\u0928 (Dual-Sided Superhydrophobic Laser Induced Graphene\u00a0 DSLIG) \u0935\u093e\u0937\u094d\u092a\u0915<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u092f\u0939 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 <\/span><b>\u0932\u094b\u091f\u0938 \u0932\u0940\u092b \u0907\u092b\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f (Lotus Leaf Effect)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0915\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092e\u094b\u0921 \u0939\u0940\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 (\u0938\u094c\u0930 + \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924) \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924, \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0932\u0935\u0923\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0938\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0938\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u0907\u0935\u0948\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 (Interfacial Solar Evaporation)\u00a0<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0938\u0924\u0939\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u2018\u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0907\u0935\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930\u2019 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u091a\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\u0932\u093e\u092d<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><b>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0928: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0911\u092b-\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0921 \u0935\u093f\u0932\u0935\u0923\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<span class=\"vc_green_button\"><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<h4><b>\u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0924\u0925\u094d\u092f<\/b><\/h4>\n<h4><b>\u0932\u094b\u091f\u0938 \u0932\u0940\u092b \u0907\u092b\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f (Lotus Leaf Effect)<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u0932\u094b\u091f\u0938 \u0932\u0940\u092b \u0907\u092b\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f (Lotus Leaf Effect)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0915\u092e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0928\u0947\u091a\u0941\u0930\u0932 \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0938\u093f\u091f\u0940 (\u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0932-\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0923) \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935-\u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u092e\u0940-\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092c \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>\u091c\u0942\u0932 \u0939\u0940\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Joule Heating)\u00a0<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0907\u0938\u0947 <\/span><b>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0915 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0928 (Resistive Heating)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u092f\u093e <\/span><b>\u0913\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0940\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Ohmic Heating)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u093e\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u094b \u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/span>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\u0938\u094c\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0932\u0935\u0923\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u0927\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u093e\u0930-\u091a\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u092c\u093e\u0926\u0932 \u091b\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0937\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u0915\u092e \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u0932\u0935\u0923 \u091c\u092e\u093e\u0935: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0932\u0935\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0932 \u0935\u093e\u0937\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u092e\u093e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0930\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>DSLIG\u00a0 \u0907\u0935\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>DSLIG \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0928\u093e\u092e: \u2018<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0921\u0941\u0905\u0932-\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0921\u0947\u0921 \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u091c\u0930-\u0907\u0902\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0938\u094d\u0921 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u0940\u0928\u2019 (Dual-Sided Superhydrophobic Laser Induced Graphene\u00a0 DSLIG)\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0938\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0938\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u0921\u0940\u0938\u0948\u0932\u093f\u0928\u0948\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u094b <\/span><b>\u091c\u0942\u0932 \u0939\u0940\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u0948\u0915\u0905\u092a<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0917<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u092a\u0949\u0932\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0907\u0932\u093f\u0921\u0940\u0928 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0921 (Polyvinylidene Fluoride-PVDF): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0930\u092b \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0938\u093f\u091f\u0940 (\u0932\u094b\u091f\u0938-\u0907\u092b\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-119272\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/5-13-296x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"296\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/5-13-296x300.png 296w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/5-13-1010x1024.png 1010w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/5-13-768x779.png 768w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/5-13-360x365.png 360w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/5-13.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 296px) 100vw, 296px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u092a\u0949\u0932\u0940\u0907\u0925\u0930\u0938\u0932\u094d\u092b\u094b\u0928 (Polyethersulfone-PES): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u0932\u0947\u091c\u0930-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u0940\u0928 (Laser Induced Graphene-LIG): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f PVDF \u092a\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0932\u0947\u091c\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u0938\u094c\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0928: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0935\u093e\u0937\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 (\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0928) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0928:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u092c\u093e\u0926\u0932 \u091b\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0927\u0942\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u091c\u0942\u0932 \u0939\u0940\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093f\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0938\u093f\u091f\u0940: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u0935\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u092e\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0932\u0935\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091c\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u091f\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>DSLIG \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d<\/b><\/h4>\n<span class=\"vc_green_button\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 96.2913%; height: 219px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 39px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 36.1257%; height: 39px;\">\n<h4><b>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e<\/b><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 123.979%; height: 39px;\">\n<h4><b>\u0932\u093e\u092d<\/b><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 30px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 36.1257%; height: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0921\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u0939\u0940\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 123.979%; height: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 30px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 36.1257%; height: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0915 (Superhydrophobic)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 123.979%; height: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0932\u0935\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 30px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 36.1257%; height: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923-\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932 (Eco-Friendly)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 123.979%; height: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0915\u092e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u092b\u0941\u091f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 30px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 36.1257%; height: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0940\u092f<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 123.979%; height: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u0935\u0923\u0940\u092f \u091c\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 30px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 36.1257%; height: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 123.979%; height: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0906\u0909\u091f\u092a\u0941\u091f \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0908 DSLIG \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 30px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 36.1257%; height: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 123.979%; height: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0938\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947, \u0938\u0924\u0924\u094d\u00a0 \u092a\u0949\u0932\u093f\u092e\u0930 (PVDF + PES) \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/span>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0932\u0935\u0923\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/b><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0935\u093f\u0932\u0935\u0923\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:-<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0932\u0935\u0923\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 (Thermal Desalination Techniques)<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0932\u0935\u0923\u0940\u092f \u091c\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u091c\u0932 \u0935\u093e\u0937\u094d\u092a \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u091c\u093e \u091c\u0932 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u092f\u0947 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0932 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0915\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0941\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0940\u092f \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0932\u0935\u0923\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\u091d\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0932\u0935\u0923\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 (Membrane-Based Desalination Techniques)<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0907\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u0935 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u0932\u0935\u0923\u0940\u092f \u091c\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u0941\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0932\u0935\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091b\u093e\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0927-\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0917\u092e\u094d\u092f \u091d\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0939\u094b, \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<span class=\"vc_green_button\"><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<h4><b>\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f<\/b><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h4><b>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/b><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h4><b>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \/ \u0932\u093e\u092d<\/b><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>\u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940-\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091c \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0936 \u0921\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928 (Multi Stage Flash Distillation-MSF)<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0918\u091f\u0924\u0947 \u0926\u093e\u092c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0908 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0937\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0947\u0932 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>\u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0907\u092b\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f \u0921\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928 (Multiple Effect Distillation-MED)<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0932\u0947 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u092a \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u092c\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u094b\u0902 (\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0937\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MSF \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932; \u0915\u092e \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>\u0935\u093e\u0937\u094d\u092a \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0940\u0921\u0928 (Vapour Compression-VC)<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u092b\u0940\u0921\u0935\u0949\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093e\u0937\u094d\u092a \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932 \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0915\u0949\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928, \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u0938\u0947\u091f\u0905\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"vc_green_button\"><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<h4><b>\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f<\/b><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h4><b>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/b><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h4><b>\u0932\u093e\u092d \/ \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e<\/b><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0911\u0938\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0938\u093f\u0938 (Reverse Osmosis-RO)<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u092b\u0940\u0921\u0935\u093e\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0926\u093e\u092c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u091d\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0932 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u092c\u095d\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u091c\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0923\u0941 \u0939\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948; \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0932\u093f\u0938\u093f\u0938 (Electrodialysis-ED)<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0906\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u092f\u0928-\u091a\u092f\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u091d\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0932\u0935\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0932\u0935\u0923\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0916\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u091c\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>\u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 (Nanofiltration-NF)<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RO \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u091d\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948; \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0940 \u0932\u0935\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u094c\u0917\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u091f\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0915\u092e \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924, \u0915\u092e \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f, \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u091c\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0943\u0926\u0941 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/span>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u00a0 IIT \u092c\u0949\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u092f\u093e \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u0940\u0928-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0921\u0941\u0905\u0932-\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0921\u0947\u0921 \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u091c\u0930-\u0907\u0902\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0938\u094d\u0921 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u0940\u0928 (Dual-Sided Superhydrophobic Laser Induced Graphene\u00a0 DSLIG) \u0935\u093e\u0937\u094d\u092a\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u094b\u091f\u0938 \u0932\u0940\u092b \u0907\u092b\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f (Lotus Leaf Effect) \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0915\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092e\u094b\u0921 \u0939\u0940\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 (\u0938\u094c\u0930 + \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924) \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924, \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0932\u0935\u0923\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0938\u093f\u092f\u0932&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/current-affairs\/lotus-leaf-inspired-graphene-solar-evaporator-for-desalination\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u0935\u093f\u0932\u0935\u0923\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u092e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0937\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4818],"tags":[],"paper":[4828],"subject":[4836],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119271"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/37"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=119271"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119271\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":119275,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119271\/revisions\/119275"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=119271"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=119271"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=119271"},{"taxonomy":"paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper?post=119271"},{"taxonomy":"subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/subject?post=119271"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}