{"id":128373,"date":"2026-01-17T14:25:22","date_gmt":"2026-01-17T08:55:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/?p=128373"},"modified":"2026-01-17T14:25:22","modified_gmt":"2026-01-17T08:55:22","slug":"thiruvalluvar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/current-affairs\/thiruvalluvar\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0941\u0935\u0930"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0941\u0935\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0935\u0938 <\/strong>\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u0947 <strong>\u0924\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0935\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0941\u0935\u0930<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u091c\u0932\u093f \u0905\u0930\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0941\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f:<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924 <strong>\u0924\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0935\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915<\/strong><strong>, \u0924\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u092d\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u091c\u094d\u092f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-128374\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/3-10-198x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"198\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/3-10-198x300.png 198w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/3-10-677x1024.png 677w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/3-10-768x1162.png 768w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/3-10-338x512.png 338w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/3-10.png 1015w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0935\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927, \u0915\u0935\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0925\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 <strong>\u0935\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0941\u0935\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0924\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0941\u0935\u0930<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948 <strong>\u201c\u0935\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0941\u0935\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0964\u201d<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0941\u0935\u093e <\/strong>\u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0922\u094b\u0932 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u0915\u0930<strong> \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 <strong>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f (\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0930\u093f\u091c\u0928) \u0938\u0947<\/strong> \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li>\u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930, <strong>\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0941\u0935\u0930 <\/strong>\u0915\u093e \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e <strong>\u092d\u0917\u0935\u0928 <\/strong>\u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092e\u0923 \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0906\u0926\u093f <\/strong>\u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0915\u0941\u091b \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b <strong>\u092e\u0926\u0941\u0930\u0948<\/strong> \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li>\u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0932-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u090f\u0901 <strong>\u0908\u0938\u093e-\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u091a\u094c\u0925\u0940 \u0936\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0908\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u091b\u0920\u0940 \u0936\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u0924\u0915<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0930\u0948\u092e\u0932\u0948 \u0905\u0921\u093f\u0917\u0932<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e 31 \u0908\u0938\u093e-\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f <strong>\u0915\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u091c\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0932\u0947\u092c\u093f\u0932<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0932 500\u2013600 \u0908\u0938\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0928\u0935\u0930\u0940 <\/strong><strong>1935 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0924\u092e\u093f\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0921\u0941 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 <strong>31 \u0908\u0938\u093e-\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 <\/strong>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0941\u0930\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0941\u0935\u0930 \u0928\u0947 <em>\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0941\u0930\u0932<\/em> <\/strong>\u0915\u0940 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940, \u091c\u094b <strong>\u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/strong><strong>, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f, \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0915<strong> \u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0924\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964\n<ul>\n<li>\u0907\u0938 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u0932 1,330 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 133 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0938-\u0926\u0938 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0941\u0930\u0932 \u0915\u094b<\/strong> \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0930\u092e\u094d (\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\/\u0938\u0926\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930)<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094b\u0930\u0941\u0932 (\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c)<\/strong><strong>, \u0924\u0925\u093e<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0915\u093e\u092e\u092e\u094d (\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e)\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930: <\/strong>\u092f\u0939 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925 <strong>\u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u091a\u0930\u0923<\/strong><strong>, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f, \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940: <\/strong>\u092f\u0939 <strong>\u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0924<\/strong><strong>, \u0915\u093e\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0915 \u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940 <\/strong>\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0947 <strong>\u0938\u094d\u092e\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<span class=\"vc_green_button\"><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0935\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0941\u0935\u0930<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u092a-\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u092d\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092e\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 <strong>\u092a\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0935 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0939\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f <strong>\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0941\u0935\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0909\u092a-\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0938\u0947<\/strong> \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0925\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/span>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u0924\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0941\u0935\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0935\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u0924\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0935\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0941\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u091c\u0932\u093f \u0905\u0930\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940\u0964 \u0924\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0941\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924 \u0924\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0935\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915, \u0924\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u092d\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u091c\u094d\u092f\u0964 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0935\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927, \u0915\u0935\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0925\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 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class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0941\u0935\u0930<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4818],"tags":[],"paper":[4826],"subject":[4843],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/128373"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/37"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=128373"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/128373\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":128375,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/128373\/revisions\/128375"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=128373"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=128373"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=128373"},{"taxonomy":"paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper?post=128373"},{"taxonomy":"subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/subject?post=128373"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}