{"id":133259,"date":"2026-07-11T15:35:59","date_gmt":"2026-07-11T10:05:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/?p=133259"},"modified":"2026-07-11T15:35:59","modified_gmt":"2026-07-11T10:05:59","slug":"climate-change-and-water-availability-in-the-indus-river-system","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/current-affairs\/climate-change-and-water-availability-in-the-indus-river-system\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0927\u0941 \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0939\u093e\u0932 \u0939\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong> <strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 (<\/strong><strong>IIT) \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0927\u0940\u0928\u0917\u0930<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f <strong>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0928\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 (\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0940<\/strong><strong>, \u092c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0924\u0932\u0941\u091c)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u091c\u0932\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 <\/strong><strong>1951 \u0938\u0947 2024<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f <strong>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 <\/strong><strong>20% \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940<\/strong> \u0926\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 <strong>\u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f <strong>\u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 <strong>\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0927\u0941 \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u092c\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0928<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u091c\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u0925\u094d\u092f<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937<strong> \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0927\u0941 \u091c\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0927\u093f (<\/strong><strong>1960) \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e <\/strong>\u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0928\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0935\u091f<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 <\/strong><strong>1951 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 2024<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a <strong>\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0940<\/strong><strong>, \u092c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938<\/strong> \u090f\u0935\u0902 <strong>\u0938\u0924\u0932\u0941\u091c<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u091c\u0932\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 <\/strong><strong>20% \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940<\/strong> \u0926\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0927\u0941 \u091c\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0927\u093f<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0907\u0928 \u0928\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u091c\u0932 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0935\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u0928\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0927\u0941<\/strong><strong>, \u091d\u0947\u0932\u092e<\/strong> \u090f\u0935\u0902 <strong>\u091a\u093f\u0928\u093e\u092c<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 <\/strong><strong>6% \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0935\u091f<\/strong> \u0926\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908, \u091c\u094b <strong>\u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0915\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0935\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u091c\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924 <strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u092d\u0942\u091c\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0923<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0940<\/strong> \u090f\u0935\u0902 <strong>\u0938\u0924\u0932\u0941\u091c<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0909\u092a-\u091c\u0932\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u092d\u0942\u091c\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0935\u091f<\/strong> \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0940 \u0917\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u091c\u0932 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 <strong>\u092d\u0942\u091c\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u092a\u093e\u0908 \u0917\u0908, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0915\u092e \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0939\u093f\u092e\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u0942\u091c\u0932 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930\u0923\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0932\u093e\u0936\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 <strong>\u091c\u0932\u093e\u0936\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0935\u091f \u0926\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908\u0964\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094b\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u093e\u0901\u0927:<\/strong> <strong>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 <\/strong><strong>1951 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 2020<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f <strong>\u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 <\/strong><strong>34% \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0916\u0921\u093c\u093e<\/strong> \u090f\u0935\u0902 <strong>\u0925\u0940\u0928 (\u0930\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930) \u091c\u0932\u093e\u0936\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 <strong>\u091c\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0935\u091f<\/strong> \u0926\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924, <strong>\u092a\u093e\u0915\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u092e\u0902\u0917\u0932\u093e<\/strong> \u090f\u0935\u0902 <strong>\u0924\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0947\u0932\u093e<\/strong> \u091c\u0932\u093e\u0936\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0940 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0935\u091f<\/strong> \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0940 \u0917\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928<strong> \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u094d\u092f-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f <\/strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u00a0\u0915\u093f <strong>\u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 <strong>\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0927\u0941 \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u092c\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 <strong>\u091c\u0932-\u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li>\u092f\u0939 <strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f <strong>\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0927\u0941 \u091c\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0927\u093f (<\/strong><strong>1960)<\/strong> \u091c\u093f\u0928 <strong>\u091c\u0932 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0925\u0940, \u0909\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u092d\u0940 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f <strong>\u091c\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0905\u092c \u0909\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0940, \u091c\u094b <strong>\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0925\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0927\u0941 \u091c\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0927\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong> \u090f\u0935\u0902 <strong>\u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928<\/strong> \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 <strong>\u0928\u0926\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 <strong>\u091c\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0901\u0917<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u094d\u091b \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 <strong>\u091c\u0932\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong> \u090f\u0935\u0902 <strong>\u091c\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 <strong>\u0905\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 <\/strong><strong>2025<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u0917\u093e\u092e \u0906\u0924\u0902\u0915\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0939\u092e\u0932\u0947<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 <strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 <strong>\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0927\u0941 \u091c\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0927\u093f<\/strong> \u0915\u094b <strong>&#8220;\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0917\u093f\u0924&#8221;<\/strong> \u0918\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0924\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0917\u0940, \u091c\u092c \u0924\u0915 <strong>\u092a\u093e\u0915\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928<\/strong> <strong>\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u0924\u0902\u0915\u0935\u093e\u0926<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0932 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e:<\/strong> <strong>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0928\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u091c\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0921\u093c \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:\n<ul>\n<li>\u0938\u093f\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n<li>\u092a\u0947\u092f\u091c\u0932 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n<li>\u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0932\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924:<\/strong> <strong>\u091c\u0932\u093e\u0936\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u091c\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939<\/strong> \u0918\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u091c\u0932\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 <strong>\u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941-\u0938\u0939\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0941 \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u092c\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e <strong>\u092d\u0942-\u091c\u0932 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u091c\u0932 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f <strong>\u091c\u0932 \u092c\u0901\u091f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u092e\u091d\u094c\u0924\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u090f\u0935\u0902 <strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0927\u0941 \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong><\/h4>\n<span class=\"vc_green_button\"><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0928\u0926\u0940<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0917\u092e<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0927\u0941<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0924\u093f\u092c\u094d\u092c\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0935\u0930 \u091d\u0940\u0932<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f (\u0915\u0948\u0932\u093e\u0936 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u092a)<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0926\u0947\u092e\u091a\u094b\u0915 (\u0932\u0926\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0916) \u0938\u0947<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948; \u0932\u0926\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0916 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0915\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0924\u0903 \u0905\u0930\u092c \u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td>\n<td>\u0905\u0930\u092c \u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u091d\u0947\u0932\u092e<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0915\u0936\u094d\u092e\u0940\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0947\u0930\u0940\u0928\u093e\u0917 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0935\u0941\u0932\u0930 \u091d\u0940\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0928\u0917\u0930 <\/strong>\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948; \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0964<\/td>\n<td>\u091a\u093f\u0928\u093e\u092c (\u092a\u093e\u0915\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u091a\u093f\u0928\u093e\u092c<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u093e \u0928\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u091f\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0940 (\u0939\u093f\u092e\u093e\u091a\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u092e \u0938\u0947<\/td>\n<td>\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0927\u0941 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0928\u0926\u0940; \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901\u2014<strong>\u0938\u0932\u093e\u0932<\/strong><strong>, \u092c\u0917\u0932\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u0924\u0932\u0947\u0964<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0927\u0941 (\u092a\u093e\u0915\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0902\u091c\u0928\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0940<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0930\u094b\u0939\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0930\u0947<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f, \u0939\u093f\u092e\u093e\u091a\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936<\/td>\n<td>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u2013\u092a\u093e\u0915\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948; <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0907\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0924\u0940<\/strong>\u0964<\/td>\n<td>\u091a\u093f\u0928\u093e\u092c (\u092a\u093e\u0915\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u092c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u092c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong>\u0930\u094b\u0939\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f, \u0939\u093f\u092e\u093e\u091a\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936<\/td>\n<td>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0928\u0926\u0940; \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0935\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0936\u093e\u0964<\/td>\n<td>\u0938\u0924\u0932\u0941\u091c (\u0939\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0947, \u092a\u0902\u091c\u093e\u092c \u092e\u0947\u0902)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0938\u0924\u0932\u0941\u091c<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0924\u093f\u092c\u094d\u092c\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0930\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0938\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u091d\u0940\u0932<\/strong> (\u0915\u0948\u0932\u093e\u0936 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f)<\/td>\n<td>\u092a\u0902\u091c\u093e\u092c \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0928\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940; <strong>\u0936\u093f\u092a\u0915\u0940 \u0932\u093e<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948; \u092d\u093e\u0916\u0921\u093c\u093e\u2013\u0928\u093e\u0901\u0917\u0932 \u092c\u093e\u0901\u0927 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td>\n<td>\u091a\u093f\u0928\u093e\u092c (\u092a\u093e\u0915\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0902\u091c\u0928\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/span>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u0939\u093e\u0932 \u0939\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 (IIT) \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0927\u0940\u0928\u0917\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0928\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 (\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0940, \u092c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0924\u0932\u0941\u091c) \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0932\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 1951 \u0938\u0947 2024 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 20% \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0927\u0941 \u0928\u0926\u0940&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/current-affairs\/climate-change-and-water-availability-in-the-indus-river-system\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0927\u0941 \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4818],"tags":[],"paper":[4828],"subject":[4847],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/133259"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/37"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=133259"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/133259\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":133260,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/133259\/revisions\/133260"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=133259"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=133259"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=133259"},{"taxonomy":"paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper?post=133259"},{"taxonomy":"subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/subject?post=133259"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}