{"id":133441,"date":"2026-07-16T17:32:02","date_gmt":"2026-07-16T12:02:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/?p=133441"},"modified":"2026-07-16T17:32:02","modified_gmt":"2026-07-16T12:02:02","slug":"news-in-shorts-572","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/current-affairs\/news-in-shorts-572\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"vc_green_button\"><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u090f\u0930\u093f\u0925\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0932\u094b\u091c (<\/strong><strong>Erythrulose)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-133442\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/6-18-300x168.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/6-18-300x168.png 300w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/6-18-360x202.png 360w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/6-18.png 738w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0916\u0917\u094b\u0932\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0930 <strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 (<\/strong><strong>Interstellar Space)<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u090f\u0930\u093f\u0925\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0932\u094b\u091c <\/strong>\u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0930\u093e \u0905\u0923\u0941 <\/strong>\u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u090f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<h4><strong>\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u0925\u094d\u092f<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0907\u0938 \u0905\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c <strong>\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0928<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 <strong>Yebes 40-\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e <strong>IRAM 30-\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0926\u0942\u0930\u092c\u0940\u0928\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>\u090f\u0930\u093f\u0925\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0932\u094b\u091c (<\/strong><strong>Erythrulose) \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u090f\u0930\u093f\u0925\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0932\u094b\u091c<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u091a\u093e\u0930-\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0938\u0948\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0921<\/strong> \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924\u094d <strong>\u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0930\u093e <\/strong>\u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c <strong>\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 <strong>26,700 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/strong> \u0926\u0942\u0930, <strong>\u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 <strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0923\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0926\u0932 <\/strong><strong>G+0.693\u22120.027<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964\n<ul>\n<li>\u092f\u0939 <strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0916\u094b\u091c\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e <strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0930\u093e \u0905\u0923\u0941 <\/strong>\u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f:<\/strong> <strong>\u090f\u0930\u093f\u0925\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0932\u094b\u091c<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u091a\u093e\u0930-\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092e\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0938\u0948\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0921<\/strong> \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0909\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u090f\u0935\u0902 <strong>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f <strong>\u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0941\u0930\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f <strong>\u090f\u0930\u093f\u0925\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0932\u094b\u091c<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 <strong>\u0924\u0940\u0928-\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0915\u092e-\u0938\u0947-\u0915\u092e \u0906\u0920 \u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915<\/strong> \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 <\/strong>\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>\u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0917\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0930\u093e<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935:<\/strong> <strong>\u090f\u0930\u093f\u0925\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0932\u094b\u091c<\/strong>, <strong>\u0925\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092e\u094d\u0932 (TNA)<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0917\u093e\u092e\u0940<\/strong> \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 <strong>RNA<\/strong> \u090f\u0935\u0902 <strong>DNA<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\n<ul>\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f <strong>\u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0923\u0941<\/strong> <strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 <\/strong>\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092d\u0935 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 <\/strong>\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f:<\/strong> \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f <strong>\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0939\u0947\u0935\u0940 \u092c\u0949\u092e\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f (<\/strong><strong>Late Heavy Bombardment)<\/strong> (<strong>4.1\u20133.8 \u0905\u0930\u092c \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935<\/strong>) \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 <strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0908 \u0932\u093e\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u091f\u0928 \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0930\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong> \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u092f\u0935 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u090f \u0925\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u090f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0932\u0949\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f <strong>\u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0916\u0902\u0921 <\/strong>\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 <strong>\u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e (<\/strong><strong>ISM) \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e (<\/strong><strong>Interstellar Medium\u2013ISM)<\/strong> \u0935\u0939 <strong>\u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925<\/strong> \u090f\u0935\u0902 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 <strong>\u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0924\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e <strong>\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930 <\/strong>\u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e:<\/strong> <strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e <\/strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 <strong>\u0917\u0948\u0938<\/strong> (\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 <strong>99%<\/strong>), \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928<\/strong> \u090f\u0935\u0902 <strong>\u0939\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925-\u0938\u093e\u0925 <strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0927\u0942\u0932<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong> <strong>\u0915\u0949\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923\u0947\u0902 <\/strong>\u0924\u0925\u093e <strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u091a\u0930\u0923<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0936\u0940\u0924 \u091a\u0930\u0923 (<\/strong><strong>Cold Phase):<\/strong> \u0938\u0918\u0928 <strong>\u0906\u0923\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0926\u0932 (<\/strong><strong>Dense Molecular Clouds),<\/strong> \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 <strong>\u0928\u090f \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u090f\u0935\u0902 <strong>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0937\u094d\u0923 \u091a\u0930\u0923 (<\/strong><strong>Warm Phase):<\/strong> \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0913\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0930\u0932<\/strong> \u090f\u0935\u0902 <strong>\u0906\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0917\u0948\u0938\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0940\u092f \u091a\u0930\u0923 (<\/strong><strong>Hot Phase):<\/strong> <strong>\u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u0928\u094b\u0935\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0902 <\/strong>\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 <strong>\u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e <strong>\u0915\u092e \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong> \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0917\u0948\u0938\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935: \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e (<\/strong><strong>ISM)<\/strong> <strong>\u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0923 <\/strong>\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 <strong>\u0924\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e <strong>\u092e\u0943\u0924\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 (<\/strong><strong>Dying Stars)<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 <strong>\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<td>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u091f \u0921\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0921 (<\/strong><strong>Paraquat Dichloride) \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u00a0<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-133443\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/7-15-300x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/7-15-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/7-15-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/7-15-360x360.png 360w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/7-15.png 554w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0917\u0902\u092d\u0940\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0937 (\u090f\u0902\u091f\u0940\u0921\u094b\u091f) \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u091f \u0921\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0921 (<\/strong><strong>Paraquat Dichloride)<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 <strong>\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927<\/strong> \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0907\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 <strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong> \u0909\u0928 <strong>70 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 <strong>\u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u091f \u0921\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0921<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u0930 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927<\/strong> \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b <strong>\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 <strong>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u093e\u0932 \u0939\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0906\u0902\u0927\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 <strong>\u0924\u0947\u0932\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/strong>, <strong>\u0913\u0921\u093f\u0936\u093e<\/strong> \u090f\u0935\u0902 <strong>\u0915\u0947\u0930\u0932<\/strong> \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930: \u0915\u0940\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0936\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/strong><strong>, 1968 \u0915\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e 27<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e:<\/strong> \u092f\u0926\u093f <strong>\u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0937\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0915\u094b\u0908 <strong>\u0915\u0940\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0936\u0915<\/strong> <strong>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935<\/strong> \u092f\u093e <strong>\u092a\u0936\u0941 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u0917\u0902\u092d\u0940\u0930 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e<\/strong> \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b <strong>\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong> \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u0930 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927<\/strong> \u0932\u0917\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0902\u0918\u0928:<\/strong> \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u094b\u0908 <strong>\u0915\u0940\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0936\u0915<\/strong> <strong>\u092d\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u092c\u0932\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e <strong>\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923<\/strong><strong>, \u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092f<\/strong> \u092f\u093e <strong>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong> \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 <strong>\u092a\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0902\u0918\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f, \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0938 \u092a\u0930 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927<\/strong> \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>\u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u091f \u0921\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u091f \u0921\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0921<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u0948\u0932\u093e<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong> <strong>\u0936\u093e\u0915\u0928\u093e\u0936\u0940 <\/strong>\u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 <strong>\u092c\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935<\/strong> \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e <strong>\u092b\u0938\u0932 \u0915\u091f\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926<\/strong> \u0916\u0930\u092a\u0924\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e:<\/strong> <strong>\u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u091f \u0921\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0921<\/strong><strong>, \u092c\u093e\u0907\u092a\u093e\u0907\u0930\u093f\u0921\u093f\u0932 (Bipyridyl)<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0936\u093e\u0915\u0928\u093e\u0936\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964\n<ul>\n<li>\u092f\u0939 <strong>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 (<\/strong><strong>ROS)<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b <strong>\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> <strong>\u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u091f \u0921\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0921<\/strong> \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0937\u0948\u0932\u093e \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0938\u0947\u0935\u0928<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 <strong>\u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902<\/strong><strong>, \u0917\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u090f\u0935\u0902 <strong>\u092f\u0915\u0943\u0924<\/strong> \u0915\u094b <strong>\u0905\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0903 <strong>\u092e\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0941<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092d\u0940 \u092c\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0940\u0921\u094b\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093e\u0935:<\/strong> <strong>\u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u091f \u0935\u093f\u0937\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u094b\u0908 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0940\u0921\u094b\u091f <\/strong>\u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e <strong>\u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong> <strong>\u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e<\/strong> \u090f\u0935\u0902 <strong>\u091c\u0932<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, <strong>\u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u094b\u0902 <\/strong>\u0915\u094b \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e <strong>\u091c\u0948\u0935 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u090f\u0935\u0902 <strong>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0921\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<td>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0932 \u0907\u0928 \u090f\u092c\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f\u093f\u092f\u093e (<\/strong><strong>Trial in Absentia)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u0917\u093e\u092e \u0906\u0924\u0902\u0915\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0939\u092e\u0932\u0947<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 (<\/strong><strong>NIA) \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e,<\/strong> <strong>\u0939\u093e\u092b\u093f\u091c \u0938\u0908\u0926<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 <strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0939\u093f\u0924\u093e (<\/strong><strong>BNSS)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 <strong>\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0932 \u0907\u0928 \u090f\u092c\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f\u093f\u092f\u093e (<\/strong><strong>Trial in Absentia) <\/strong>\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0901\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<h4><strong>\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0932 \u0907\u0928 \u090f\u092c\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f\u093f\u092f\u093e (<\/strong><strong>Trial in Absentia) \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0932 \u0907\u0928 \u090f\u092c\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f\u093f\u092f\u093e (<\/strong><strong>Trial in Absentia)<\/strong> \u0935\u0939 <strong>\u0906\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0932 <\/strong>\u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b <strong>\u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0948\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928 <strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0939\u093f\u0924\u093e (<\/strong><strong>BNSS), 2023<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 <strong>\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e <\/strong><strong>356<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u091c\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0910\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 <strong>BNSS<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 <strong>\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e <\/strong><strong>84<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 <strong>&#8220;\u092b\u0930\u093e\u0930 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927\u0940 (Proclaimed Offender)&#8221;<\/strong>\u00a0 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e <\/strong><strong>84(4)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930, \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a \u0939\u094b, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u0902\u0921 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u094b:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>10 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0938<\/strong>, \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0906\u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0938<\/strong>, \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0926\u0902\u0921<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f<\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>\u092f\u0939 <strong>\u092b\u0930\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 <strong>\u0906\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 <strong>\u0905\u0928\u093e\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0926\u0947\u0930\u0940<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li>\u092f\u0939 <strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e <strong>\u092a\u0940\u0921\u093c\u093f\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f <strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0917\u093f\u0930\u092b\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0930\u0902\u091f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e:<\/strong> \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u094b <strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e <\/strong><strong>30 \u0926\u093f\u0928\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932 \u092a\u0930 <strong>\u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u094b \u0917\u093f\u0930\u092b\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0930\u0902\u091f<\/strong> \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e <strong>\u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>30 \u0926\u093f\u0928\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f <strong>\u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930:<\/strong> <strong>\u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a \u0924\u092f (<\/strong><strong>Framing of Charges)<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 <strong>90 \u0926\u093f\u0928<\/strong> \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0939\u0940 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930:<\/strong> \u092f\u0926\u093f <strong>\u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0908 <strong>\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0935\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b <strong>\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0932 <\/strong>\u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f <strong>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0935\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923:<\/strong> <strong>\u0917\u0935\u093e\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0940<\/strong> <strong>\u0911\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b-\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092f\u0926\u093f <strong>\u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924<\/strong> \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u092b\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b <strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u0939\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0909\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0917\u0935\u093e\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (<\/strong><strong>Cross-Examination)<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<td>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u091c\u094b\u0927\u092a\u0941\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u094b\u091c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u094b <\/strong><strong>GI \u091f\u0948\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-133444\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/8-12-300x169.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/8-12-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/8-12-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/8-12-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/8-12-360x203.png 360w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/8-12-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/8-12-1568x882.png 1568w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/8-12.png 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 <strong>\u091c\u094b\u0927\u092a\u0941\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u094b\u091c\u0921\u093c\u0940 (<\/strong><strong>Jodhpuri Mojari)<\/strong> \u0915\u094b <strong>\u092d\u094c\u0917\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 (<\/strong><strong>GI)<\/strong> \u091f\u0948\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<h4><strong>\u091c\u094b\u0927\u092a\u0941\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u094b\u091c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 <strong>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u091c\u094b\u0927\u092a\u0941\u0930<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 <strong>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u092e\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092b\u0941\u091f\u0935\u093f\u092f\u0930 <\/strong>\u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923:<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u092a\u0942\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0918\u0930\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0925\u093e, \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0918\u0941\u092e\u0902\u0924\u0942<\/strong> \u090f\u0935\u0902 <strong>\u0915\u0943\u0937\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0936\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 <strong>\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u091c\u0940\u0928\u0917\u0930 (<\/strong><strong>Jingar)<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0915\u093e\u0920\u0940 (<\/strong><strong>Saddle)<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e <strong>\u091a\u092e\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 (<\/strong><strong>Leather Sheath)<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 <strong>\u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u092e\u0921\u093c\u0947<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong> <strong>\u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0908<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e <strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094b\u0902 <\/strong>\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0918\u0930\u0947\u0932\u0942 \u092b\u0941\u091f\u0935\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930:<\/strong> <strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u091c\u094b\u0927\u092a\u0941\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u094b\u091c\u0921\u093c\u0940<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 <strong>\u20b9100 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930:<\/strong> <strong>\u091c\u094b\u0927\u092a\u0941\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u094b\u091c\u0921\u093c\u0940<\/strong> \u0915\u093e <strong>\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924<\/strong> \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 <strong>\u20b910 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/span>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4818],"tags":[],"paper":[],"subject":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/133441"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/37"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=133441"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/133441\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":133445,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/133441\/revisions\/133445"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=133441"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=133441"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=133441"},{"taxonomy":"paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper?post=133441"},{"taxonomy":"subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/subject?post=133441"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}