{"id":78716,"date":"2024-01-22T12:44:25","date_gmt":"2024-01-22T07:14:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=78716"},"modified":"2024-02-21T09:37:37","modified_gmt":"2024-02-21T04:07:37","slug":"microbial-fuel-cell","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/current-affairs\/microbial-fuel-cell\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018\u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092c\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u092b\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u0947\u0932\u2019 (\u2018Microbial Fuel Cell\u2019)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0907\u0932\u093f\u0928\u094b\u0907\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 <\/span><b>\u0928\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0938\u093f\u091f\u0940 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u092f\u093e \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0938\u0947\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0938\u0947\u0932 \u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 <\/span><b>\u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u091c\u0940\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>\u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u091c\u0940\u0935 \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u092c\u0948\u091f\u0930\u0940 (\u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092c\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u092b\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u0947\u0932)<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u091c\u0940\u0935 \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u092c\u0948\u091f\u0930\u0940 (SMFC)<\/span><b> \u091c\u0948\u0935-\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u091c\u0940\u0935 \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u092c\u0948\u091f\u0930\u0940 (SMFC)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u094b-\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 <\/span><b>1911<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0925\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092c\u0948\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b style=\"font-family: var(--list--font-family); background-color: var(--global--color-background); color: var(--global--color-primary); font-size: var(--global--font-size-base);\">\u092c\u0928\u093e\u0935\u091f:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u0948\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <\/span><b style=\"font-family: var(--list--font-family); background-color: var(--global--color-background); color: var(--global--color-primary); font-size: var(--global--font-size-base);\">\u090f\u0915 \u090f\u0928\u094b\u0921, \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0948\u0925\u094b\u0921 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0924\u0925\u093e<\/span><b style=\"font-family: var(--list--font-family); background-color: var(--global--color-background); color: var(--global--color-primary); font-size: var(--global--font-size-base);\"> \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u092c\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0925 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-78718 \" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Untitled-15-2.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"379\" height=\"395\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u0948\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u091c\u0940\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u0932\u093e\u092d\u00a0<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u0948\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0940\u0925\u093f\u092f\u092e, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0937\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0916\u0924\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>\u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u092f\u0939 \u092c\u0948\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u0917\u0940\u0932\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0942\u0916\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f-\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092d\u0940 <\/span><b>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092c\u0948\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0947 120% \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>\u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0932: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u091c\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u091c\u0940\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u092c\u0948\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>\u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u0940:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u0948\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094b <\/span><b>\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0930\u0916\u0928\u093e \u092a\u095c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0936\u0941\u0937\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u00a0 \u0907\u0932\u093f\u0928\u094b\u0907\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0938\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u092f\u093e \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0938\u0947\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0938\u0947\u0932 \u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u091c\u0940\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u091c\u0940\u0935 \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u092c\u0948\u091f\u0930\u0940 (\u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092c\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u092b\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u0947\u0932) \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f: \u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u091c\u0940\u0935 \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u092c\u0948\u091f\u0930\u0940 (SMFC) \u091c\u0948\u0935-\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/current-affairs\/microbial-fuel-cell\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u2018\u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092c\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u092b\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u0947\u0932\u2019 (\u2018Microbial Fuel Cell\u2019)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":39,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4818],"tags":[],"paper":[],"subject":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78716"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/39"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=78716"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78716\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":89728,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78716\/revisions\/89728"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=78716"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=78716"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=78716"},{"taxonomy":"paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper?post=78716"},{"taxonomy":"subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/subject?post=78716"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}