Context
Switzerland has stepped in to organize a peace conference between Ukraine and Russia, after two years into the war.
Switzerland led Peace Conference
- Switzerland’s Efforts: Switzerland is making a special effort to broaden global consensus on the war by enlisting those who have not joined the western coalition thus far.
- India’s Involvement: India’s invitation to the peace summit is significant due to its strategic partnership with Russia, leadership in the BRICS and SCO groupings, and role in the Global South.
- Recent visits by Swiss and Ukrainian officials underscore the priority given to India’s participation at the highest level.
- Participants of the Peace Summit: Out of 160 countries invited to the conference in Lucerne on June 15-16, about 50 have confirmed attendance. These include EU nations, NATO members, G-7 countries, and U.S. allies such as Japan, South Korea, and Australia.
- Brazilian President Lula declined to attend, and South Africa cited its May 29 general elections to formally decline the invitation.
- Absence of Russia: Russia has not been invited to the peace talks.
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Global Impact of the Russia Ukraine War:
- Humanitarian Crises: As per UN, more than 10,000 civilians have been killed and nearly 20,000 others wounded.
- Economic Impact: Global Inflation in Food and Energy Markets and Sanctions and Economic Disruptions.
- Poverty: Poverty in Ukraine has soared from 5.5% of the population to 24.2%, pushing 7.1 million more people into poverty.
- Geopolitical Impact: It includes strengthening of NATO, Global Trust deficit, failure of UN and increased focus on national Interest.
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Objectives of the Switzerland led Peace Conference
- Developing a Roadmap for Peace: The summit aims to create a framework for achieving a comprehensive, just, and lasting peace in Ukraine.
- Addressing Humanitarian Issues: Discussions will cover vital humanitarian concerns such as ensuring food security, freedom of navigation, and nuclear safety.
- Mitigating Risks from the Conflict: The conference will focus on reducing the risks associated with Moscow’s invasion of Ukraine, rather than solely aiming to end the war.
- This involves efforts to isolate Russia economically and politically to mitigate aggression.
- Engaging Global Stakeholders: The summit emphasizes the inclusion of diverse global perspectives, particularly from the Global South, to ensure broad-based support for the peace.
Challenges for the Peace Talk
- Issue of Neutrality: Although Switzerland prides itself on neutrality, its decision to impose sanctions on Russia may affect its perceived impartiality. This could make it difficult to convince countries to participate in a platform perceived as biased towards Ukraine.
- Exclusion of Russia: Without Russia’s participation, meaningful progress in peace talks is unlikely. Both parties to the conflict need to be present for effective negotiations.
- Military Stalemate: Both Russia and Ukraine may be reluctant to negotiate if they believe they can still make or consolidate gains on the battlefield. A true negotiation usually begins when military options are exhausted.
- Broad Participation Challenges: Securing the participation of a wide range of countries, including those from the Global South, is crucial but challenging. The success of the summit depends on inclusive dialogue and contributions from diverse international stakeholders.
About North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO):
- NATO is a transatlantic security alliance composed of thirty-one member countries.
- It was established in 1949 with the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty, also called the Washington Treaty.
- Finland and Sweden are the newest members to join NATO
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Conclusion
Switzerland’s peace summit aims to build a comprehensive roadmap for peace in Ukraine, addressing humanitarian issues and mitigating conflict risks. Despite challenges like ensuring neutrality and Russia’s absence, the summit emphasizes global cooperation and inclusive dialogue to achieve lasting peace and address the war’s global impacts.
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May 21, 2024