Answer: 

Introduction:

The mountain ecosystem is a crucial and sensitive part of the environment, delicate and complex, and they are affected by human activities such as development initiatives and tourism. Some activities can cause a wide range of negative impacts on the ecosystem, habitat destruction, soil erosion, pollution, and the displacement of native species.

Body:

Major threats to mountainous ecosystems include:

• Climate change: Rising temperatures can cause glacial melting, altered precipitation patterns, and changes in the timing of seasonal events.
  • E.g. Loss of the West Antarctic ice sheet, sea level rise would approach 10.5 meters [34 feet].
• Deforestation: Deforestation can result in soil erosion, habitat loss, and changes in water availability. Human–animal conflicts are common. E.g The Amazon rainforest has suffered from deforestation, causing soil erosion, habitat loss, and human-animal conflicts.
• Mining: Mining activities can cause habitat destruction, soil erosion, and water pollution. E.g. Landslide in Joshimath in India.
• Infrastructure development: The construction of dams, roads, and other infrastructure can result in habitat loss, soil erosion, and fragmentation of ecosystems.
• Agricultural practices: Unsustainable agricultural practices can lead to soil erosion, habitat loss, and water pollution. E.g Punjab and Haryana Region in India.
• Tourism: Tourism activities can cause habitat destruction, pollution, and the displacement of native species.

Some of the measures that can be taken:

• Conduct Environmental Impact Assessments [EIA] before starting any development or tourism activity.
• Limit the number of tourists to reduce pressure on the ecosystem.
• Encourage sustainable tourism practices that minimize waste, conserve energy, and reduce water consumption.
• Restore degraded areas through planting native species, reducing soil erosion, and reducing pollution.
• Protect wildlife by reducing human-wildlife conflicts, protecting endangered species, and preserving their natural habitats.
• Promote sustainable land use practices such as organic farming, reducing deforestation, and reducing soil erosion.
• Educate the public about the importance of the mountain ecosystem and the negative impacts of development and tourism.

Conclusion:

Restoring the mountain ecosystem from the negative impact of development initiatives and tourism requires a collaborative effort to protect the ecosystem’s delicate balance. We can restore and preserve the mountain ecosystem. It is essential to prioritize sustainable development practices and promote responsible tourism to ensure that the ecosystem is protected for future generations.