Answer: 

Introduction:

Inland water transport [IWT] is a crucial mode of transportation in India that can provide a cost-effective, energy-efficient, and environmentally sustainable alternative to road and rail transport; it remains underutilized at a share of 2% in India’s model mix.

Body:

Problems of Inland Water Transport in India:

• Infrastructure: The lack of adequate infrastructure, such as ports, terminals, and navigational aids, hinders the growth of IWT in India.
• Limited connectivity: The limited connectivity of IWT with other modes of transport, such as road and rail, makes it less competitive and reduces its potential for intermodal transport.
• Maintenance: The inadequate maintenance of waterways, vessels, and related infrastructure reduces the efficiency and safety of IWT.
• Inefficient regulatory framework: The complex regulatory framework, overlapping jurisdictions, and bureaucratic hurdles hinder the development of IWT in India.
• Environmental issues like pollution, biodiversity and floods in the river system.

Prospects of Inland Water Transport in India:

• Economic benefits: IWT has the potential to provide cost-effective, energy-efficient, and environmentally sustainable transportation for bulk cargo and passengers, particularly in the hinterland regions.
• Employment opportunities: The growth of IWT can create employment opportunities in the transport, logistics, and related sectors, particularly in the rural areas.
• Integration with coastal shipping: The integration of IWT with coastal shipping can enhance connectivity, reduce congestion, and promote intermodal transport in India.
• Environmental benefits: IWT is a low-carbon mode of transport that can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution, contributing to India’s sustainable development goals.

Conclusion:

Inland water transport in India has both challenges and opportunities such as developing infrastructure, enhancing the regulatory framework, and increasing investment, which can help realize the sector’s potential. A strategic approach that promotes sustainable development, private sector participation, and cooperation among stakeholders is necessary to maximize the prospects of inland water transport in India.