Answer:

Introduction:

Water is a vital resource for life and development, and its sustainable management is essential for economic growth and social welfare. The National Water Policy (2012) aims to ensure the equitable and sustainable management of water resources in India. India has a comprehensive National Water Policy that provides a framework for water resource development and management.

Body:

Pollution of rivers and the handling of hazardous wastes remain critical challenges:

• The policy recognizes water as a finite and vulnerable resource and highlights the need to protect and conserve it.
• It emphasizes the role of the community in the management of water resources and the need for participatory approaches. g Adarsh Gaon Yojana in Maharashtra.
• The policy advocates for the integration of water resource management with land use planning, irrigation, and other developmental activities.g “Jal-Yukt Shivar” program in Maharashtra
• It encourages the adoption of water-saving technologies and the promotion of water-efficient practices. g the Kandi area of Jammu and Kashmir
• The policy also emphasizes the need to address the challenges of climate change and the impact of natural disasters on water resources. g Bundelkhand in Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh, to address water scarcity challenges exacerbated by climate change.

Strategies for River Water Pollution Control and Management and Handling of Hazardous Wastes in India using the example of river Ganges:

• Identification and monitoring of sources of pollution: The first step in controlling water pollution is to identify and monitor the sources of pollution. In the case of the Ganges river, the sources of pollution include industrial effluents, sewage, agricultural runoff, and solid waste disposal.
• Implementation of wastewater treatment plants: Setting up wastewater treatment plants can significantly reduce the amount of pollution that enters the river. The government can encourage industries to treat their effluent before releasing it into the river. Additionally, municipal authorities can set up sewage treatment plants to treat sewage before discharging it into the river.
• Promotion of sustainable agriculture practices: Agricultural runoff is a major contributor to water pollution. The government can promote sustainable agriculture practices such as the use of organic fertilizers and the adoption of drip irrigation systems to reduce the amount of runoff.
• Enforcement of laws and regulations: The government should enforce laws and regulations related to water pollution control strictly. Heavy fines should be imposed on industries that do not comply with pollution control norms.
• Public participation and awareness: The public needs to be educated about the importance of clean water and the impact of pollution on the environment. Public participation can also help in identifying sources of pollution and monitoring the implementation of pollution control measures.
• Hazardous waste management: The government needs to implement strict regulations for the handling and disposal of hazardous waste. Hazardous waste needs to be properly treated and disposed of to prevent it from polluting the water.

Conclusion:

The pollution of the river Ganges and other water bodies, India must adopt a multi-pronged strategy that includes strict regulations, effective monitoring, public participation, and innovative technologies. The control and management of hazardous wastes also require a concerted effort from various stakeholders, including industry, government, and civil society. By implementing these measures, India can protect its water resources, promote sustainable development, and ensure a better future for its people.