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Introduction:

Naxalism in India started as a protest by farmers in 1967 in a small village called Naxalbari in West Bengal. Over the years, this protest grew into a larger issue and has now become a major security problem for the country.

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Emerging Issues:

• Expansion: Naxalites are expanding their influence, especially in the “Red Corridor,” intensifying security concerns. An example is the state of Chhattisgarh, where an increase in Naxalite activities has been noted recently.

• Socio-Economic Disparity: Inequality and underdevelopment in Naxal-affected areas feed the unrest. In regions like Bihar and Jharkhand, marked by poverty and underdevelopment, Naxalism often thrives on the discontentment of the marginalized.
• Forced Recruitment: Naxal groups often forcibly recruit members from marginalized communities, sustaining their numbers. There are numerous cases where tribal youths are coerced into joining Naxalite ranks.
• Urban Naxalism: The ideological influence of Naxalism is growing in urban areas, creating new challenges. Recent arrests of activists in cities like Mumbai and Delhi underscore this trend.
• Exploitation of Local Issues: Naxals often exploit local grievances to gain support, making solutions complex. For instance, they exploit issues like land rights in tribal areas to gain local sympathy and support.

Multilayered Strategy (SAMADHAN):

SAMADHAN, a comprehensive strategy encompassing Security, development, and dialogue, aims to counter Naxalism.

• Enhanced Security Measures: Strengthening intelligence and inter-state coordination can contain the insurgency. For example, ‘Operation Prahaar’ by Chhattisgarh Police showed effective implementation of these measures.
• Socio-Economic Development: Addressing regional disparities can alleviate Naxalism. The Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana has been instrumental in this regard.
• Engagement and Dialogue: This can help bring Naxalites into mainstream society. The surrender and rehabilitation policy in many states exemplifies this approach.
• Strategic Counter-Narrative: A counter-narrative challenging Naxalism is vital. The ‘vikas sangharsh samiti’ in Maharashtra uses this method effectively.
• Rehabilitation Programs: These programs can reintegrate former Naxalites. ‘Project Salam’ in Maharashtra is one such initiative.

Conclusion:

Tackling the issue of Naxalism necessitates a comprehensive approach that not only addresses the immediate security concerns but also the underlying social and economic disparities. A strategy that combines security measures with socio-economic development, complemented by engagement and dialogue, can potentially steer India towards the eradication of this long standing menace.