Answer:

Introduction:

The North-Eastern region of India has long been a hotspot for insurgency, owing to a complex interplay of socio-economic, political, and geographical factors.

Body:

Major Reasons for the Survival of Armed Insurgency:

• Ethnic Diversity and Identity Politics: The region’s rich ethnic diversity has often led to identity-based conflicts. Various ethnic groups’ demands for autonomy or separate statehood have fueled insurgencies.
• Economic Backwardness: Limited development and economic opportunities have left the region marginalized, causing dissatisfaction and making it a breeding ground for insurgencies.
• Geographical Isolation: The region’s geographical isolation from the rest of India, with difficult terrain and international borders, has made administration and control challenging.
• Cross-border Support: Some insurgent groups have allegedly received shelter, training, and arms from neighboring countries, allowing them to sustain their operations.
• Weak Law and Order Machinery: Insufficient policing and a lack of proper surveillance have often allowed insurgents to evade capture, helping the insurgency to persist.

Conclusion:

The endurance of armed insurgency in the North-East region is a complex issue deeply rooted in the region’s unique socio-economic and political context. An integrated approach involving political dialogue, socio-economic development, improved law enforcement, and stronger interstate relations is crucial to addressing this protracted problem.