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2022
Question 1
“Biorock technology” is talked about in which one of the following situations?
(a) Restoration of damaged coral reefs
(b) Development of building materials using plant residues
(c) Identification of areas for exploration/extraction of shale gas
(d) Providing salt licks for wild animals in forests/protected areas
ExplanationAns: a
Sub-Theme: Coral Reef restoration
Option (a) is correct: Recently, The Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), with help from Gujarat’s forest department, is attempting for the first time a process to restore coral reefs using biorock or mineral accretion technology in the Gulf of Kachchh.
Question 2
Consider the following statements :
DNA Barcoding can be a tool to:
distinguish among species that look alike.
identify undesirable animal or plant materials in processed foods.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 1 and 2
(d) 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: DNA
Statement 1 is incorrect: Scientists use a radioactive carbon isotope called carbon-14 as their clock to determine the age of plant and animal remains from the more recent past. DNA barcoding is a taxonomic technique that identifies an organism as belonging to a specific species by using a short genetic marker in its DNA. An individual DNA sequence is compared to a reference library of similar DNA sections to accomplish this (called sequences). Statement 2 is correct: DNA Barcoding helps in the identification of species even from minute amounts of tissue which can help tackle problems like illegal trade of endangered species. DNA barcodes can effectively control pest attack, identifying disease vectors properly.
Statement 3 is correct: Using DNA barcoding, which is widely used in fish species, is a viable method for authenticating the processed food. Using DNA barcoding, natural resource managers can monitor illegal trade of products made of natural resources like hardwood trees. DNA barcoding can be used to identify the important medicinal plant.
Question 3
Consider the following statements in respect of probiotics:
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3
(d) 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: c
Statement 1 is correct: Probiotics are live bacteria and yeasts that are believed to be helpful in preventing a number of diseases. They are also referred to as “good bacteria” and are typically eaten as supplements or in yogurt, also found in other fermented foods
Statement 2 is incorrect: Some bacteria aid in food digestion, eliminate disease-causing cells, or create vitamins. Numerous probiotic product bacteria are identical to or closely related to those found in human bodies naturally.
Statement 3 is correct: A well-known food source of probiotics is yoghurt. The enzyme ß-D-galactosidase is present in some strains of bacteria in yoghurt, aids in the breakdown of lactose in dairy products into the sugars glucose and galactose. Thus it also helps in the digestion of milk sugars.
Question 4
Which one of the following statements best describes the role of B cells and T cells in the human body?
(a) They protect the body from environmental allergens.
(b) They alleviate the body’s pain and inflammation.
(c) They act as immune suppressants in the body.
(d) They protect the body from the diseases caused by pathogens.
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: Basic Science
Option (d) is correct: Lymphocytes are primarily classified into B cells and T cells. B cells function by producing antibodies that are released into the body’s fluids, which then attack antigens present in the bloodstream.
Question 5
With reference to “Software as a Service (SaaS)”, consider the following statements:
SaaS users can access their data through their mobile devices.
Outlook, Hotmail and Yahoo Mail are form of SaaS
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: Information Technology
Software as a Service (SaaS)
Statement 1 is correct: Web-based software is adaptable enough to be customised for both particular corporate needs and individual users. Customers can adjust the user interface (UI) to alter the program’s appearance and feel as well as particular components, like data fields, to change the data that is displayed.
Statement 2 is correct: SaaS enables online programme access for any user. The user is not required to install the programme on their computer. Users can therefore access data via their mobile devices.
Statement 3 is correct: SaaS includes services like Outlook, Hotmail, and Yahoo Mail. In order to utilise these services, a user must log into their account online, frequently using a computer browser.
Question 6.
With reference to Web 3.0, consider the following statements:
In Web 3.0 world, there can be blockchain based social networks.
Web 3.0 is operated by users collectively rather than a corporation.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: Web 3.0 Technology
Web3
World Wide Web
Statement 1 is correct: In a Web3 world, people control their own data.
Statement 2 is correct: Web 3.0 will be permissionless and democratic. Thus people can maintain blockchain based social networks in Web 3.0.
Statement 3 is correct: In Web 3.0 all the value that’s created can be shared amongst more people, rather than just the owners, investors and employees. Thus it is operated by users collectively rather than by corporations.
Question 7
Which one of the following is the context in which the term “qubit” is mentioned?
(a) Cloud Services
(b) Quantum Computing
(c) Visible Light Communication Technologies
(d) Wireless Communication Technologies
ExplanationAns: b
Sub-Theme: Quantum Computing
The Correct answer is Option (b): Quantum computers use quantum bits or Qubits, which can be both 0 and 1 at the same time. Quantum Computing
The laws of quantum physics are used to achieve functioning of quantum computing:
Question 8
Consider the following communication technologies:
Radio Frequency Identification
Wireless Local Area Network
Which of the above are considered Short-Range devices/technologies?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: Short Range Devices
The Correct answer is Option (d): All the given technologies are Short Range Technologies.
Short Range Device/Technologies
The term “Short Range Device” refers to a wide range of wireless devices, such as different types of:
NOTE: Recently, Google Pay has launched a new feature in India, ‘Tap to pay for UPI’, in collaboration with Pine Labs. The feature makes use of Near Field Communication (NFC) technology, which is a short-range wireless connectivity technology. |
Question 9
Consider the following statements:
Nanoparticles of some metallic oxides are used in the manufacture of some cosmetics.
Nanoparticles of some commercial products which enter the environment are unsafe for
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 1 and 2 only
(d) 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: Nanoparticles
Nanoparticles
Question 10
If a major solar storm (solar flare) reaches the Earth, which of the following are the possible effects on the Earth?
Tsunamis could occur at equatorial regions.
Power grids could be damaged.
Intense auroras could occur over much of the Earth
Forest fires could take place over much of the planet.
Orbits of the satellites could be disturbed.
Shortwave radio communication of the aircraft flying over polar regions could be interrupted.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1, 2, 4 and 5 only
(b) 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7 only
(c) 1, 3, 4, 6 and 7 only
(d) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7
ExplanationAns: c
Sub-Theme: Space Activity
SOLAR FLARE
Expected high-frequency communication blackouts, satellite anomalies, GPS scintillations, airline communication impacts.
Question 11
Which one of the following statements best reflects the idea behind the “Fractional Orbital Bombardment System” often talked about in the media?
(a) A hypersonic missile is launched into space to counter the asteroid approaching the Earth and explode it in space.
(b) A spacecraft lands on another planet after making several orbital motions.
(c) A missile is put into a stable orbit around the Earth and deorbits over a target on the Earth.
(d) A spacecraft moves along a comet with the same speed and places a probe on its surface
ExplanationAns: c
Sub-Theme: Defence Infrastructure
The Correct answer is Option (c): Fractional Orbital Bombardment System
Question 12
Consider the following statements:
Biofilms can form on food and food processing surfaces.
Biofilms can exhibit antibiotic resistance.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: Microorganisms
Biofilms
2021
Question 1
Bollgard I and Bollgard II technologies are mentioned in the context of
(a) Clonal propagation of crop plants
(b) Developing genetically modified crop plants
(c) Production of plant growth substances
(d) Production of biofertilizers
ExplanationAns: b
Sub-Theme: Genetics/Biotechnology/ GM Crops
Option (b) is correct:
Question 2
In the context of hereditary diseases, consider the following statements:
A child inherits mitochondrial diseases entirely from mother and not from father.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
ExplanationAns: c
Sub-Theme: Disease transmission
Question 3
The term ‘ACE2’ is talked about in the context of:
(a) Genes introduced in the genetically modified plants
(b) The development of India’s own satellite navigation system
(c) Radio collars for wildlife tracking
(d) The spread of viral diseases
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: Disease transmission
Option (d) is correct: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been discovered to be the SARS-CoV-2 virus’s receptor.
Question 4
Consider the following statements:
Common cold is sometimes caused by an adenovirus whereas AIDS is caused by a an adenovirus whereas AIDS is caused by a retrovirus.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
ExplanationAns: b
Sub-Theme: Viral diseases
NOTE: Viruses and health issues were in the news since the outbreak of Covid pandemic in 2020. |
Question 5
With reference to recent developments regarding ‘Recombinant Vector Vaccine’, consider the following statements:
Bacteria and viruses are used as vectors.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
ExplanationAns: c
Sub-Theme: Vaccines and drugs
Question 6
Which one of the following is a reason why astronomical distances are measured in light-years?
(a) Distances among stellar bodies do not change.
(b) Gravity of stellar bodies does not change.
(c) Light always travels in a straight line.
(d) Speed of light is always the same.
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: Space technology
The Correct answer is Option (d):
Question 7
In a pressure cooker, the temperature at which the food is cooked depends mainly upon which of the following?
Temperature of the flame
Weight of the lid
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: Basic and Everyday Science
Question 8
Consider the following:
Fungi
Virus
Which of the above can be cultured in artificial/synthetic medium?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: a
Sub-Theme: Basic and Everyday Science
Question 9
With reference to street – lighting, how do sodium lamps differ from LED lamps?
As street -lights, sodium lamps have a longer lifespan than LED lamps.
The spectrum of visible light from sodium lamps is almost monochromatic while LED lamps offer significant colour advantages in street lighting.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 3 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: c
Sub-Theme: Basics and Everyday Science
Question 10
Bisphenol A (BPA), a cause of concern, is a structural/ key component in the manufacture of which of the following kinds of plastics?
(a) Low-density polyethylene
(b) Polycarbonate
(c) Polyethylene terephthalate
(d) Polyvinyl chloride
ExplanationAns: b
Sub-Theme: Environmental Science/Everyday Science
The Correct answer is Option (b): About Bisphenol A (BPA):
Question 11
‘Triclosan’, considered harmful when exposed to high levels for a long time, is most likely present in which of the following?
(a) Food preservatives
(b) Fruit-ripening substances
(c) Reused plastic containers
(d) Toiletries
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: Everyday Science
The Correct answer is Option (d): About Triclosan:
Question 12
Water can dissolve more substances than any other liquid because
(a) It is dipolar in nature
(b) It is a good conductor of heat
(c) It has high value of specific heat
(d) It is an oxide of hydrogen
ExplanationAns: a
Sub-Theme: Basic Science
The Correct answer is Option (a): About Water:
2020
Question 1
Consider the following statements:
A person’s genome can be edited before birth at the early embryonic stage.
Human induced pluripotent stem cells can be injected into the embryo of a pig.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 2 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: Gene Therapy
Question 2
What is the importance of using Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines in India?
Dependence on antibiotics that are not effective against drug resistant bacteria can be reduced.
These vaccines have no side effects and cause no allergic reactions.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: b
Sub-Theme: Vaccines and drugs
Note: Read statement 3 carefully. It talks about “no side effects and no allergic reactions”. It sounds like a very absolute and extreme statement. Any drug has its own side effects with variable magnitude. Allergic reactions vary person to person. Drugs having zero side effects and allergic reactions are unconvincing. So elimination of statement 3 will help us to reach the correct options. |
Question 3
With the present state of development, Artificial Intelligence can effectively do which of the following?
Create meaningful short stories and songs
Disease diagnosis
Text -to -Speech Conversion
Wireless transmission of electrical energy
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1, 2, 3 and 5 only
(b) 1, 3 and 4 only
(c) 2, 4 and 5 only
(d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
ExplanationAns: b
Sub-Theme: Artificial Intelligence
Question 4
With reference to Visible Light Communication (VLC) technology, which of the following statements are correct?
VLC is known as long – range optical wireless
VLC can transmit large amounts of data faster than Bluetooth
VLC has no electromagnetic interference
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 1, 2 and 4 only
(c) 1, 3 and 4 only
(d) 2, 3 and 4 only
ExplanationAns: c
Sub-Theme: Communication technology
Visible Light Communication (VLC)
Question 5
With reference to “Blockchain Technology” consider the following statements:
The structure and design of blockchain is such that all the data in it is about crypto currency only.
Applications that depend on basic features of blockchain can be developed without anybody’s
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 only
(d) 1 and 3 only
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: Blockchain Technology
Blockchain Technology
This makes it possible for participants to independently and reasonably audit transactions. A distributed timestamping server and a peer-to-peer network are used to manage a blockchain database
Note: With general understanding of Blockchain technology through Newspapers/ Monthly magazines, we know that this technology has uses and applications across various sectors such as in banking sector and health sector among others. Statement 2 talks about the application of Blockchain technology for crypto currency only, which is an extreme and absolute statement. Eliminating statement 2 by applying the above understanding helps us to reach at 50:50 probability. |
Question 6
When reference to carbon nanotubes, consider the following statements:
They can be made into artificial blood capillaries for an injured part of the human body.
They can be used in biochemical sensors.
Carbon nanotubes are biodegradable.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) 1, 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
ExplanationAns: c
Sub-Theme: Nanotechnology
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
1 nanometer (nm), and multi-walled (MWCNT), with diameters up to more than 100 nm and made up of multiple concentrically interconnected nanotubes. They can be as long as a millimetre or even several micrometres.
Question 7
The experiment will employ a trio of spacecraft flying in formation in the shape of an equilateral triangle that has sides one million kilometers long, with lasers shining between the craft.” The experiment in question refers to
(a) Voyager – 2
(b) New Horizons
(c) LISA Pathfinder
(d) Evolved LISA
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: Space technology/Space mission
The Correct answer is Option (d):
Question 8
Consider the following activities:
Inspecting the craters of active volcanoes
Collecting breath samples from spouting whales for DNA analysis.
At the present level of technology, which of the above activities can be successfully carried out by using drones?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: Applications of Drone Technology
The Correct answer is Option (d): About Drone technology:
Question 9
Which of the following statements are correct regarding the general difference between plant and animal cells?
Plant cells do not have plasma membranes unlike animal cells which do.
Mature plant cell has one large vacuole whilst an animal cell has many small vacuoles.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: c
Sub-Theme: Basic and Everyday Science
Question 10
In the context of recent advances in human reproductive technology. “Pronuclear Transfer” is used for
(a) Fertilisation of egg in vitro by the donor sperm
(b) Genetic modification of sperm producing cells
(c) Development of stem cells into functional embryos
(d) Prevention of mitochondrial diseases in offspring
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: Human Reproductive Technology
The Correct answer is Option (d): About Pronuclear Transfer:
Question 11
With reference to solar water pumps, consider the following statements:
Solar power can be used for running centrifugal pumps and not the ones with piston.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: Solar water pumps
Question 12
With reference to the current trends in the cultivation of sugarcane in India, consider the following statements:
When direct planting of seeds is done, the germination percentage is better with single- budded setts as compared to setts with many
If bad weather conditions prevail when seeds are directly planted, single – budded seeds have better survival as compared to large setts.
Sugarcane can be cultivated using settlings prepared from tissue culture.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 1 and 4 only
(d) 2, 3 and 4 only
ExplanationAns: c
Sub-Theme: Science related to agriculture
The Correct answer is Option (c):
About the cultivation of sugarcane in India:
2019
Question 1
With reference to the recent developments in science, which one of the following statements is not correct?
(a) Functional chromosomes can be created by joining segments of DNA taken from cells of different species.
(b) Pieces of artificial functional DNA can be created in laboratories.
(c) A piece of DNA taken out from an animal cell can be made to replicate outside a living cell in a
(d) Cells taken out from plants and animals can be made to undergo cell division in laboratory petri dishes
ExplanationAns: a
Sub-Theme: Genetics/DNA
Question 2
‘RNA interference (RNAi)’ technology has gained popularity in the last few Why?
It can be used in developing therapies for the treatment of cancer.
It can be used to develop hormone replacement therapies.
It can be used to produce crop plants that are resistant to viral pathogens.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1, 2 and 4
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3
(d) 1 and 4 only
ExplanationAns: a
Sub-Theme: Genetics/Biotechnology
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post- Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is a conserved biological response to double- stranded RNA that mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
Question 3
Which of the following are the reasons for the occurrence of multi-drug resistance in microbial pathogens in India?
Taking incorrect doses of antibiotics to cure diseases
Using antibiotics in livestock farming
Multiple chronic diseases in some people
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1, 3 and 4
(d) 2, 3 and 4
ExplanationAns: b
Sub-Theme: Multi-drug resistance
Question 4
What is Cas9 protein that is often mentioned in the news?
(a) A molecular scissors used in targeted gene editing
(b) A biosensor used in the accurate detection of pathogens in patients
(c) A gene that makes plants pest-resistant
(d) A herbicidal substance synthesized in genetically modified crops
ExplanationAns: a
Sub-Theme: Gene editing
Option (a) is correct: The Cas9 enzyme functions as a molecular scissor that can cut DNA, and the single-guide RNA (sgRNA) contains a sequence that can bind to DNA. Together, these two components make up the gene editing tool
About CRISPR Cas9:
Question 5
Which one of the following statements is not correct?
(a) Hepatitis B virus is transmitted much like HIV.
(b) Hepatitis B, unlike Hepatitis C, does not have a vaccine.
(c) Globally, the number of people infected with Hepatitis B and C viruses are several times more than those infected with HIV.
(d) Some of those infected with Hepatitis B and C viruses do not show the symptoms for many years.
ExplanationAns: b
Sub-Theme: Vaccines and drugs
Option (b) is correct: There is currently no cure for Hepatitis C. The mainstay of hepatitis B prevention is the hepatitis B vaccine.
Question 6
With reference to communications technologies, what is/are the difference/differences between LTE (Long- Term Evolution) and VoLTE (Voice over Long-Term Evolution)?
LTE is data-only technology and VoLTE is voice- only technology.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: Communication Technology
NOTE: UPSC simply loves to ask questions on new age technologies which are frequent in news. You need not know every single intricacies but UPSC expects the aspirants to know ‘something’ of ‘everything’ under the sun. Therefore, it is advisable to read the daily newspaper and understand the basic concepts of those technologies, through additional research, for eg: 5G, AI, Blockchain, Additive Manufacturing, 3D Printing, Deep fakes, Brain interface, Augmented Reality, Metaverse, etc. |
Question 7
In the context of digital technologies for entertainment, consider the following statements:
In Virtual Reality (VR), images generated from a computer are projected onto real -life objects or
AR allows individuals to be present in the world and improves the experience using the camera of smart – phones or PCs.
VR closes the world, and transposes an individual, providing a complete immersion experience.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 and 4
(c) 1, 2 and 3
(d) 4 only
ExplanationAns: b
Sub-Theme: Digital Technologies
The main difference between the two is that VR(Virtual Reality) builds the world in which we immerse ourselves through a specific headset. It is fully immersive and everything we see is part of an environment artificially constructed through images, sounds, etc. On the other hand, in augmented reality (AR), our own world becomes the framework within which objects, images or similar are placed.
Question 8
Consider the following statements:
A digital signature is __________
used to serve as a proof of identity of an individual to access information or serve on Internet
an electronic method of signing an electronic document and ensuring that the original content is unchanged
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: c
Sub-Theme: Digital technology
Question 9
In the context of wearable technology, which of the following tasks is/are accomplished by wearable devices?
Sleep monitoring of a person
Assisting the hearing impaired person
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: Digital Technology
Question 10
For the measurement/ estimation of which of the following are satellite images/remote sensing data used?
Greenhouse gas emissions from rice paddies of a specific location.
Land surface temperatures of a specific
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: Remote sensing technology/Space technology
For assessing chlorophyll content from remote sensing data utilising a multispectral imaging system, the Normalized Area Vegetation Index (NAVI) has been developed. Using satellite photography and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, the world’s food supply is being tracked (NDVI).
Question 11
Recently, scientists observed the merger of giant ‘blackholes’ billions of light years away from the Earth. What is the significance of this observation?
(a) ‘Higgs boson particles’ were detected.
(b) ‘Gravitational waves’ were detected.
(c) Possibility of intergalactic space travel through ‘wormhole’ was confirmed.
(d) It enabled the scientists to understand ‘singularity’.
ExplanationAns: b
Sub-Theme: Space science/Gravitational waves
The Correct answer is Option (b):
|
Question 12
Consider the following statements:
In India, there is no Intellectual Property Appellate
Plant varieties are not eligible to be patented in
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: c
Sub-Theme: Patent
2018
Question 1
Consider the following
Dust blowing
Rain
Wind blowing
Wind blowing Which of the above spread plant diseases?
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 3 and 4 only
(c) 1, 2 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: Plant diseases
Option (d) is correct: Plant disease is an alteration to a plant’s normal state that impairs or changes its essential functioning.
Question 2
In which of the following areas can GPS technology be used?
Banking operations
Controlling the power grids
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: GPS Technology
Question 3
When the alarm of your smartphone rings in the morning, you wake up and tap it to stop the alarm which causes your geyser to be switched on automatically. The smart mirror in your bathroom shows the day’s weather and also indicates the level of water in your overhead After you take some groceries from your refrigerator for making breakfast, it recognises the shortage of stock in it and places an order for the supply of fresh grocery items. When you step out of your house and lock the door, all lights, fans, geysers and AC machines get switched off automatically. On your way to the office, your car warns you about traffic congestion ahead and suggests an alternative route, and if you are late for a meeting, it sends a message to your office accordingly.
In the context of emerging communication technologies, which one of the following terms best applies to the above scenario?
(a) Border Gateway Protocol
(b) Internet of Things
(c) Internet Protocol
(d) Virtual Private Network
ExplanationAns: b
Sub-Theme: AI Technology/New age or modern technology
The Correct answer is Option (b):
NOTE: UPSC could have asked this question in a simple statement, but didn’t do that. The reason behind this long paragraph is to kill precious time and confuse the aspirants. Now if you’re aware and read about AI technology then you could easily pick up the keyword from the above paragraph such as ‘switched on/off automatically’, ‘smart mirror’, ‘traffic alert’, ’sending message automatically’, etc. and answer the question in much less time that too with confidence. |
Question 4
Consider the following statements:
The Universe is constantly
Matter warps its surrounding space-time.
Which of the above is/are the prediction/ predictions of Albert Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity, often discussed in the media?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: Space science
Question 5
With reference to India’s satellite launch vehicles, consider the following statements:
Satellites launched by PSLV appear to remain permanently fixed in the same position in the sky, as viewed from a particular location on Earth.
GSLV Mk III is a four staged launch vehicle with the first and third stages using solid rocket motors; and the second and fourth stages using liquid rocket engines.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 2
(d) 3 only
ExplanationAns: a
Sub-Theme: Space technology
NOTE: In statement 2, “GSLV” has been replaced by “PSLV” to make statement incorrect and to increase confusion among PSLV and GSLV for aspirants. This is old technique of UPSC to replace one word by another, for instance – Augmented Reality (AR) and Virual Reality (VR). So elimination of statement 2 helps us to reach at 50:50. Stay focus, alert and Calm while reading question/statement. |
Question 6
“3D printing” has applications in which of the following?
Manufacture of bionic ears
Automotive industry
Reconstructive surgeries
Data processing technologies
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1, 3 and 4 only
(b) 2, 3 and 5 only
(c) 1 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: Digital Technology/New age Technology
The Correct answer is Option (d): About 3D Printing:
2017
Question 1
What is the application of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Technology?
(a) Production of biolarvicides
(b) Manufacture of biodegradable plastics
(c) Reproductive cloning of animals
(d) Production of organisms free of diseases
ExplanationAns: c
Sub Theme: Application of Biotechnology
The most practical application of Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is in the reproductive cloning of farm animals that have exceptional qualities, such as the ability to produce large quantities of milk.
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Technology
Question 2.
With reference to agriculture in India, how can the technique of ‘genome sequencing’, often seen in the news, be used in the immediate future?
2.This technique helps in reducing the time required to develop new varieties of crop plants.
3.It can be used to decipher the host pathogen relationships in crops.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: Genome sequencing
Genome Sequencing is figuring the sequence of DNA bases(nucleotides), such as As, Cs, Gs, and Ts that make up an organism’s DNA. These genetic letters total more than 3 billion and make up the human genome.
Question 3
Consider the following pairs:
Commonly used | Unwanted or consumed materials controversial chemicals likely to be found in them |
1. Lipstick | Lead |
2. Soft drinks | Brominated vegetable oils |
3. Chinese fast | Monosodium food glutamate |
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: Harmful chemicals
Question 4
Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) are used to create digital displays in many devices. What are the advantages of OLED displays over Liquid Crystal displays?
Roll-up displays embedded in clothing can be made using OLEDs.
Transparent displays are possible using OLEDs.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3
(d) None of the above statements is correct
ExplanationAns: c
Ans: c
Sub-Theme: Digital Technology
2016
Question 1
In the context of the developments in Bioinformatics, the term ‘transcriptome’, sometimes seen in the news, refers to
(a) A range of enzymes used in genome editing
(b) The full range of mRNA molecules expressed by an organism
(c) The description of the mechanism of gene expression
(d) A mechanism of genetic mutations taking place in cells
ExplanationAns: b
Sub-Theme: Bioinformatics
Option (b) is correct: A transcriptome is the full range of messenger RNA, or mRNA, molecules expressed by an organism.
About Transcriptome:
Question 2
With reference to prepackaged items in India, is it mandatory to the manufacturer to put which of the following information on the main label, as per the Food Safety and Standards (Packaging and Labeling) Regulations, 2011?
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 2, 3 and 4
(c) 1, 2 and 4
(d) 1 and 4 only
ExplanationAns: c
Sub-Theme: Food Safety Regulations
Option (c) is correct:
Question 3
Which of the following statements is/are correct?
Virus can infect
Fungi
Plants
Select the correct answer using the code given below
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: Microorganisms
Option (d) is correct: All kinds of life, including animals, plants, and microbes like bacteria and fungi, are susceptible to virus infection.
Question 4
With reference to ‘LiFi’, recently in the news, which of the following statements is/are correct?
It is a wireless technology and is several times faster than ‘WiFi’.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
ExplanationAns: c
Sub-Theme: Communication Technology
LiFi
Question 5
With reference to ‘Astrosat’,’ the astronomical observatory launched by India, which of the following statements is/are correct?
Astrosat is a 2000 kg satellite placed in an orbit at 1650 km above the surface of the Earth.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: Astronomical development
NOTE: it is an old technique of UPSC to weak with factual numbers. In the above question, the examiner changed the figures of ASTROSAT to make the statement incorrect. In 2016, the same was done with UNFCCC COP- 15 (Paris) in which the examiner replaced the pledge of mobilization of “USD100Bn” with “USD1000Bn”’ to make the statement incorrect. In 2017, Examiner replaced “six states” with “Five states’ ‘in “Western Ghats are spread over five states only” statement. They had also changed “12 states’ ‘ with “Five states” in “ Himalayas are spread over five States only” statement. However, the above -mentioned reasoning is applicable in most of the cases, but not in every case. It is advisable to stay alert whenever facts/data/ figures appear in a statement/question |
Question 6
Consider the following statements: The Mangalyaan launched by ISRO–
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: c
Sub-Theme: Space mission
Mangalyaan/Mars Orbiter Mission.
Question 7
India is an important member of the ‘International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor’. If this experiment succeeds, what is the immediate advantage for India?
(a) It can use thorium in place of uranium for power generation
(b) It attain a global role in satellite-navigation
(c) It can drastically improve the efficiency of its fission reactors in power generation
(d) It can build fusion reactors for power
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: Nuclear Energy
The Correct answer is Option (d):
About International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor:
2015
Question 1
With reference to ‘Near Field Communication (NFC) Technology’, which of the following statements is/ are correct?
NFC is designed for use by devices which can be at a distance of even a metre from each other.
NFC can use encryption when sending sensitive
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: c
Sub-Theme: Communication Technology
Question 2
With reference to the use of nanotechnology in the health sector, which of the following statements is/are correct?
Nanotechnology can largely contribute to gene therapy.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
ExplanationAns: c
Sub-Theme: Nanotechnology
Question 3
In the context of modern scientific research, consider the following statements about ‘IceCube’, a particle detector located at South Pole, which was recently in the news:
1. It is the world’s largest neutrino detector, encompassing a cubic kilometer of ice.
2. It is a powerful telescope to search for dark matter.
3. It is buried deep in the ice.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: Space observatory
Question 4
The term ‘Goldilocks Zone’ is often seen in the news in the context of
(a) The limits of habitable zone above the surface of the Earth
(b) Regions inside the Earth where shale gas is available
(c) Search for the Earth-like planets in outer space
(d) Search for meteorites containing precious metals
ExplanationAns: c
Sub-Theme: Space Science
The Correct answer is Option (c):
Question 5
With reference to ‘fly ash’ produced by the power plants using coal as fuel, which of the following statements is/are correct?
Fly ash can be used as a replacement for some of the Portland cement contents of concrete.
Fly ash is made up of silicon dioxide and calcium oxide only, and does not contain any toxic
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3
(d) 3 only
ExplanationAns: a
Sub-Theme: Environmental Chemistry
About Fly Ash:
Question 6
With reference to ‘fuel cells’ in which hydrogen-rich fuel and oxygen are used to generate electricity, consider the following statements:
Fuel cells can be used for powering buildings and not for small devices like laptop computers.
Fuel cells produce electricity in the form of Alternating Current (AC).
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: a
Sub-Theme: Non-Conventional Energy/ Renewable Energy
Statement 1 is correct: A fuel cell generates electricity in a clean and effective manner using the chemical energy of hydrogen or other fuels. Electricity, water, and heat are the only by products if hydrogen is the fuel.
Statement 2 is incorrect: In terms of the diversity of potential applications, fuel cells are exceptional; they can run on a variety of fuels and feedstocks and can power devices as big as utility power plants and as tiny as laptop computers.
Statement 3 is incorrect: Fuel cells produce electricity in the form of direct current (DC). Electrons can only move in one direction in a DC circuit. Alternating current (AC), which circulates in both directions on alternating cycles, provides the electricity in our homes and workplaces.
2014
Question 1
Consider the following pairs:
Vitamin Deficiency : Disease
Vitamin D Rickets
Vitamin E Night blindness
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3
(d) None
ExplanationAns: a
Sub-Theme: Vitamins
Gums
Question 2
Consider the following diseases:
Chickenpox
Smallpox
Which of the above diseases has/have been eradicated in India ?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3
(d) None
ExplanationAns: b
Sub-Theme: Disease
Question 3
In addition to fingerprint scanning, which of the following can be used in the biometric identification of a person?
Retinal scanning
Voice recognition
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d)1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: Biometric
Question 4
With reference to Agni-IV Missile, which of the following statements is/are correct?
It is fuelled by liquid propellant
It can deliver one-tonne nuclear warheads about 7500 km away.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: a
Sub-Theme: Defence Technology
About Agni-IV Missile:
Agni Class of Missiles:
|
IGMDP (Integrated Guided Missile Development Program)
|
Question 5
Which one of the following is the process involved in photosynthesis?
(a) Potential energy is released to form free energy.
(b) Free energy is converted into potential energy and stored.
(c) Food is oxidised to release carbon dioxide and water.
(d) Oxygen is taken, and carbon dioxide and water vapour are given out.
ExplanationAns: b
Sub-Theme: Photosynthesis
About Photosynthesis:
6H2O + 6CO2 ¾¾→ C6H12O6+ 6O2 |
Question 6
Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding vegetative propagation of plants?
Vegetative propagation helps in eliminating the virus.
Vegetative propagation can be practised most of the year.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: c
Sub-Theme: Plant Reproduction
Question 7
Which of the following is/are the example/examples of chemical change?
Melting of ice
Souring of milk
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3
(d) None
ExplanationAns: b
Sub-Theme: Basic and Everyday Science
The Correct answer is Option (b): About Chemical Change:
About Physical Change:
Question 8
Consider the following techniques/phenomena:
Cytoplasmic male sterility
Gene silencing
Which of the above is/are used to create transgenic crops ?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) None
ExplanationAns: b
Sub-Theme: Genetics/Biotechnology
Question 9
Consider the following statements:
Oil extracted from maize can be a feedstock for biodiesel.
Alcoholic beverages can be produced by using maize.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: Basic and Everyday science
Question 10
Among the following organisms, which one does not belong to the class of the other three?
(a) Crab
(b) Mite
(c) Scorpion
(d) Spider
ExplanationAns: a
Sub-Theme: Species and Subspecies
The Correct answer is Option (a): About Organisms:
Question 11
Which one of the following is the correct sequence of a food chain?
(a) Diatoms-Crustaceans-Herrings
(b) Crustaceans-Diatoms-Herrings
(c) Diatoms-Herrings-Crustaceans
(d) Crustaceans-Herrings-Diatoms
ExplanationAns: a
Sub-Theme: Food Chain
The Correct answer is Option (a): About Food Chain:
Question 12
With reference to technology for solar power production, consider the following statements:
Photovoltaics-generates Alternating Current (AC), while Solar Thermal generates Direct Current (DC).
India has a manufacturing base for Solar Thermal technology, but not for photovoltaics.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3
(d) None
ExplanationAns: a
Sub -Theme: Non-conventional Energy/ Renewable Energy/Solar Energy
Question 13
Consider the following:
Bears
Rodents
The phenomenon of hibernation can be observed in which of the above kinds of animals?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3 only
(d) Hibernation cannot be observed in any of the above
ExplanationAns: c
Sub-Theme: Adaptation/Response to abiotic factors
The Correct answer is Option (c): About Hibernation:
Question 14
Which of the following adds/add carbon dioxide to the carbon cycle on the planet Earth?
Respiration
Photosynthesis
Decay of organic matter
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1, 2 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
ExplanationAns: c
Sub-Theme: Carbon cycle
Question 15
Lichens, which are capable of initiating ecological succession even on a bare rock, are actually a symbiotic association of
(a) Algae and bacteria
(b) Algae and fungi
(c) Bacteria and fungi
(d) Fungi and mosses
ExplanationAns: b
Sub-Theme: Ecological succession
The Correct answer is Option (b): About Ecological Succession:
2013
Question 1
Mycorrhizal biotechnology has been used in rehabilitating degraded sites because mycorrhiza enables the plants to:
Tolerate extremes of pH
Resist disease infestation
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: Mycorrhizal biotechnology
Question 2
Recombination DNA technology (Genetic Engineering) allows genes to be transferred:
From animals to plants
From microorganisms to higher organisms
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: DNA technology/Genetic Engineering
Question 3
Consider the following minerals:
Iron
Sodium
Which of the minerals given above is/are required by the human body for the contraction of muscles?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: Components of Food/Balanced Diet
Option (d) is correct: Specific minerals like calcium, Iron sand sodium play a part in muscle contraction.
NOTE: This is a simple, easy and direct question from NCERT. Therefore, it is very much important for the aspirants to read and understand each and every concept including the minor details from the NCERTs. |
Question 4
Which of the following statements is/are correct?
Viruses can be cultured in any synthetic medium.
Viruses are transmitted from one organism to another by biological vectors only
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: a
Sub-Theme: Virus
Question 5
Which of the following diseases can be transmitted from one person to another through tattooing?
Hepatitis B
HIV-AIDS
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: b
Sub-Theme: Disease transmission
Option (b) is correct:
Question 6
Consider the following statements:
Colour of the sun at dawn
Moon being visible at dawn
Twinkle of stars in the sky
Polestar being visible in the sky
Which of the above are optical illusions?
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 3, 4 and 5
(c) 1, 2 and 4
(d) 2, 3 and 5
ExplanationAns: c
Sub-Theme: Light
Optical Illusion
Question 7
The efforts to detect the existence of the Higgs boson particle have become frequent news in the recent past. What is/are the importance/importance of discovering this particle?
It will enable us in the near future to develop the technology of transferring matter from one point to another without traversing the physical space between them.
It will enable us to create better fuels for nuclear
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: a
Sub-Theme: Scientific innovation and discoveries
Higgs Boson
Question 8
Fruits stored in a cold chamber exhibit longer storage life because
(a) Exposure to sunlight is prevented
(b) Concentration of carbon dioxide in the environment in increased
(c) Rate of respiration in decreased
(d) There is an increase in humidity
ExplanationAns: c
Sub-Theme: Basic and Everyday Science
The Correct answer is Option (c):
Question 9
Ball bearings are used in bicycles, cars, , because–
(a) The actual area of contact between the wheel and axle is increased
(b) The effective area of contact between the wheel and axle is increased
(c) The effective area of contact between the wheel and axle is reduced
(d) None of the above statements is correct
ExplanationAns: c
Sub-Theme: Basic and Everyday Science
The Correct answer is Option (c): About Ball bearings:
Question 10
Rainbow is produced when sunlight falls on drops of rain. Which of the following physical phenomena are responsible for this?
Refraction
Internal reflection
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: Basic and Everyday Science
The Correct answer is Option (d): About Rainbow:
Question 11
Many transplanted seedlings do not grow because
(a) The new soil does not contain favourable minerals
(b) Most of the root hairs grip the new soil too hard
(c) Most of the root hairs are lost during transplantation
(d) Leaves get damaged during transplantation
ExplanationAns: c
Sub-Theme: Transplantation
About Transplanted Seedlings:
Question 12
The known forces of nature can be divided into four classes, viz., gravity, electromagnetism, weak nuclear force and strong nuclear force. With reference to them, which one of the following statements is not correct?
(a) Gravity is the strongest of the four
(b) Electromagnetism acts only on particles with an electric charge
(c) Weak nuclear force causes radioactivity
(d) Strong nuclear force holds protons and neutrons inside the nucleus of an atom
ExplanationAns: a
Sub-Theme: Basic and Everyday Science
The Correct answer is Option (a):
Strong Nuclear Force > Electromagnetic Force > Weak Nuclear Force > Gravitational Force. |
2012
Question 1
What are the reasons for the people’s resistance to the introduction of Bt brinjal in India?
The seeds of Bt brinjal are terminator seeds and therefore, the farmers have to buy the seeds before every season from the seed companies.
There is an apprehension that the consumption of Bt brinjal may have adverse impact on health.
There is some concern that the introduction of Bt brinjal may have adverse effects on biodiversity.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
ExplanationAns: c
Sub-Theme: GM Crops
Question 2
Other than resistance to pests, what are the prospects for which genetically engineered plants have been created?
To increase the nutritive value of the produce.
To enable them to grow and do photosynthesis in spaceships and space stations.
4.To increase their shelf life.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 and 4 only
(c) 1, 2 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
ExplanationAns: c
Sub-Theme: GM Crops
Question 3
Consider the following kinds of organisms:
Fungi
Flowering plants
Some species of which of the above kinds of organisms are employed biopesticides?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: Biopesticides
Option (d) is correct: All of the above mentioned can be employed as Biopesticides, depending on the properties of specific species. Biopesticides are various biologically active natural substances that exist in nature and have inhibitory effects on crop diseases and insect pests. In general, the creation of biopesticide depends to a large extent on biological resources.
Question 4
What is the role of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the water purification systems?
It removes all the undesirable odours from the water.
It quickens the sedimentation of solid particles, removes turbidity and improves the clarity of water.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: a
Sub-Theme: UV Rays
Ultraviolet water purification is the best way for eliminating bacteria from water is ultraviolet water purification.
Application of UV Rays in Purifying the Water:
Statement 1 is correct: A UV water purifier uses germicidal ultraviolet radiation to clean water that is microbiologically hazardous. Living things in the water have their DNA scrambled by the UV wavelength, making it impossible for them to reproduce and infect us. Statement 2 is incorrect: UV disinfection renders living organisms inactive, but it does not clean the water, add chemicals, or get rid of unpleasant tastes and aromas.
Statement 3 is incorrect: For UV purification to be effective, water turbidity (i.e., the quantity of suspended & colloidal materials included in the water to be treated) must be minimal and the water must be clear.
Question 5
With reference to ‘stem cells’, frequently in the news, which of the following statements is/are correct?
Stem cells can be used for screening new drugs.
Stem cells can be used for medical therapies.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: b
Sub-Theme: Stem cell and its applications
NOTE: Stem cell and its applications frequently appear in the news. Therefore, it is advisable to thoroughly read the daily newspaper and do some basic research on the particular topic to understand any concepts. |
Question 6
Which of the following is/are cited by the scientists as evidence/evidence for the continued expansion of the universe?
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 only
(c) 1, 3 and 4
(d) None of the above can be cited as evidence
ExplanationAns: a
Sub-Theme: Theories related to space and universe
Expansion of Universe
Question 7
Biomass gasification is considered to be one of the sustainable solutions to the power crisis in India. In this context, which of the following statements is/are correct?
The combustible gases generated consist of hydrogen and carbon dioxide only.
The combustible gases generated from biomass gasification can be used for direct heat generation but not in internal combustion engines.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: a
Sub-Theme: Non-Conventional Energy/ Renewable Energy
Question 8
Graphene has been frequently in the news recently. What is its importance?
It is one of the thinnest but strongest materials tested so far.
It is entirely made of silicon and has high optical transparency.
It can be used as ‘conducting electrodes’ required for touch screens, LCDs and organic LEDs.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 and 4 only
(c) 1, 2 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
ExplanationAns: c
Sub-Theme: Basic and Everyday Science
Question 9
Lead, ingested or inhaled, is a health hazard. After the addition of lead to petrol has been banned, what still are the sources of lead poisoning?
Pens and pencils
Paints
Hair oils and cosmetics
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
ExplanationAns: b
Sub-Theme: Environmental pollution
The Correct answer is Option (b): About Lead:
Question 10
Consider the following crops of India:
Green gram
Pigeon pea
Which of the above is/are used as pulse, fodder and green manure?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: a
Sub-Theme: Basic and Everyday Science
The Correct answer is Option (a):
Question 11
To meet its rapidly growing energy demand, some opine that India should pursue research and development on thorium as the future fuel of nuclear energy. In this context, what advantage does thorium hold over uranium?
On the basis of per unit mass of mined mineral, thorium can generate more energy compared to natural uranium.
3.Thorium produces less harmful waste compared to uranium.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: Nuclear Energy
Question 12
Which one of the following sets of elements was primarily responsible for the origin of life on the Earth?
(a) Hydrogen, Oxygen, Sodium
(b) Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
(c) Oxygen, Calcium, Phosphorus
(d) Carbon, Hydrogen, Potassium
ExplanationAns: b
Sub-Theme: Basic and Everyday Science
The Correct answer is Option (d):
Question 13
Consider the following statements: If there were no phenomenon of capillarity
One would not be able to use a straw to consume a soft drink.
The blotting paper would fail to function.
The big trees that we see around would not have grown on the Earth.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 1, 3 and 4 only
(c) 2 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
ExplanationAns: b
Sub-Theme: Basic and Everyday Science
2011
Question 1
At present, scientists can determine the arrangement or relative positions of genes of DNA sequences on a chromosome. How does this knowledge benefit us?
It is possible to understand the causes of all human diseases.
It is possible to develop disease-resistant animal
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: c
Sub-Theme: DNA sequences
Question 2
Regular intake of fresh fruits and vegetables is recommended in the diet since they are a good source of antioxidants. How do antioxidants help a person maintain health and promote longevity?
(a) They activate the enzymes necessary for vitamin synthesis in the body and help prevent vitamin deficiency
(b) They prevent excessive oxidation of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in the body and help avoid unnecessary wastage of energy
(c) They neutralize the free radicals produced in the body during metabolism
(d) They activate certain genes in the cells of the body and help delay the ageing process
ExplanationAns: c
Sub-Theme: Component of food/balanced diet
Option (c) is correct: The purpose of antioxidants is to counteract the harmful effects of free radicals in our body, thereby
promoting better health. By providing an electron to a roaming free radical, antioxidants have the ability to stabilize it, thus mitigating its potential to cause damage.
About Antioxidant:
Question 3
What is the difference between Bluetooth and Wi-Fi devices?
(a) Bluetooth uses 2.4 GHz radio frequency band, whereas Wi-Fi can use 4 GHz or 5 GHz frequency band
(b) Bluetooth is used for Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) only, whereas Wi-Fi is used for Wireless Wide Area Networks (WWAN) only
(c) When information is transmitted between two devices using Bluetooth technology, the devices have to be in the line of sight of each other, but when Wi-Fi technology is used the devices need not be in the line of sight of each other
(d) The statements (a) and (b) given above are correct in this context
ExplanationAns: a
Sub-Theme: Communication Technology
Bluetooth | WiFi |
It is a wireless technology that is used for exchanging data between mobile devices over short distances using radio waves. | It is a wireless networking technology that uses radio waves to provide wireless
high-speed internet and network connections. |
Requires Bluetooth adaptor | Requires wireless adaptor and router |
Frequency 2.4Ghz | Frequency 2.4-5Ghz |
Consumes Low power | Consumes high power |
Are Less secure | Are More secure |
No need for devices to be in line of sight; they just need to be within bluetooth’s range. | No need for devices to be in line of sight, they just need to be within range of WiFi |
Uses WPAN- wireless personal area network | Uses WLAN- wireless local area network |
Coverage 10 meters | Coverage 32 meters |
Needs low bandwidth | Needs high bandwidth |
Question 4
What is a “Virtual Private Network”?
(a) It is a private compute network of an organization where he remote users can transmit encrypted information through the server of the
(b) It is a computer network across a public internet that provides users access to their organization’s network while maintaining the security of the information transmitted.
(c) It is a computer network in which users can access a shared pool of computing resources through a service provider
(d) None of the statements (a), (b) and (c) given above is a correct description of Virtual Private
ExplanationAns: b
Sub-Theme: Communication Technology
The Correct answer is Option (b):
Question 5
An artificial satellite orbiting around the Earth does not fall down. This is so because the attraction of Earth
(a) Does not exist at such distance
(b) Is neutralized by the attraction of the moon
(c) Provides the necessary speed for its steady motion
(d) Provides the necessary acceleration for its motion
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: Basic knowledge on space/ Universe/Gravitation
The Correct answer id Option (d):
Question 6
Which is the difference between asteroids and comets?
Asteroids are found mostly between the orbits of Jupiter and Mars, while comets are found mostly between Venus and Mercury.
Comets show a perceptible glowing tail, while asteroids do not.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: b
Sub-Theme: Basic knowledge on space/Universe
Question 7
Satellites used for telecommunication relay are kept in a geostationary orbit. A satellite is said to be in such an orbit when:
The orbit is circular.
The orbit lies in the plane of the Earth’s
The orbit is at an altitude of 22,236
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 1, 3 and 4 only
(c) 2 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
ExplanationAns: a
Sub-Theme: Space technology
Geostationary Orbit
Question 8
The surface of a lake is frozen in severe winter, but the water at its bottom is still liquid. What is the reason?
(a) Ice is a bad conductor of heat
(b) Since the surface of the lake is at the same temperature as the air, no heat is lost
(c) The density of water is maximum at 4°C
(d) None of the statements (a), (b) and (c) given above is correct
ExplanationAns: c
Sub-Theme: Basic and Everyday Science
The Correct answer is Option (c): About Water:
Question 9
Microbial fuel cells are considered a source of sustainable energy. Why?
They use a variety of inorganic materials as substrates.
They can be installed in wastewater treatment plants to cleanse water and produce electricity.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: c
Sub-Theme: Non-Conventional Energy/ Renewable Energy/Sustainable Energy
The Correct answer is Option (c): About Microbial fuel cells:
Question 10
The function of heavy water in a nuclear reactor is to
(a) Slow down the speed of neutrons
(b) Increase the speed of neutrons
(c) Cool down the reactor
(d) Stop the nuclear reaction
ExplanationAns: a
Sub-Theme: Nuclear Energy
The Correct answer is Option (a): About Heavy Water:
• Components of a nuclear reactor:
0 Fuel – which is generally Uranium 0 Moderator – It is used to slow down the neutrons released from fission to create more fission. Generally, water, heavy water or graphite is used for this purpose. 0 Control rods or blades – They are basically made with neutron absorbing material such as cadmium, hafnium, boron and are inserted from the core to control the rate of reaction. 0 Coolant- It is a fluid circulating through the core so as to transfer the heat from it. 0 Pressure vessel or pressure tubes – It is usually a robust steel vessel containing the reactor core and moderator or coolant but it may be a series of tubes holding the fuel and conveying the coolant through the surrounding moderator. 0 Steam generator – It is the part of the cooling system of pressurized water reactors where the high pressure primary coolant brings heat from the reactor. |
Question 11
A company marketing food products advertises that its items do not contain trans fats. What does this campaign signify to the customers?
The food products are not made out of animal fats/oils.
The oils used are not likely to damage the cardiovascular health of the consumers.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: c
Sub-Theme: Food product regulations
Question 12
What is the difference between a CFL and an LED lamp?
The average lifespan of a CFL is much longer than that of an LED lamp
A CFL is less energy-efficient as compared to an LED lamp.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: c
Sub-Theme: Modern Energy efficient Technology
Statement 1 is correct: An LED is a type of semiconductor light source with two leads. It is a p-n junction diode, which when turned on emits light. A fluorescent lamp is a low- pressure mercury-vapour gas-discharge light.
Statement 2 is incorrect and Statement 3 is correct: LED bulbs are much more efficient than CFL bulbs in terms of power consumption and life years.
Question 13
Aspartame is an artificial sweetener sold in the market. It consists of amino acids and provides calories like other amino acids. Yet, it is used as a low- calorie sweetening agent in food items. What is the basis of this use?
(a) Aspartame is as sweet as table sugar, but unlike table sugar, it is not readily oxidised in human body due to lack of requisite enzymes
(b) When aspartame is used in food processing, the sweet taste remains, but it becomes resistant to
(c) Aspartame is as sweet as sugar, but after ingestion into the body, it is converted into metabolites that yield no calories
(d) Aspartame is several times sweeter than table sugar, hence food items made with small quantities of aspartame yield fewer calories on
ExplanationAns: (d)
Sub-Theme: Healthy food/nutrition/Artificial Sweetener.
The Correct answer is Option (d):
Question 14
Recently, “oilzapper” was in the What is it?
(a) It is an eco-friendly technology for the remediation of oily sludge and oil spills
(b) It is the latest technology developed for under-sea oil exploration
(c) It is a genetically engineered high biofuel-yielding maize variety
(d) It is the latest technology to control the accidentally caused flames from oil wells.
ExplanationAns: a
Sub-Theme: Eco-friendly technology
Question 15
A married couple adopted a male child. A few years later, twin boys were born to The blood group of the couple is AB positive and O negative. The blood group of the three sons is A positive, B positive, and O positive. The blood group of the adopted son is
(a) O positive
(b) A positive
(c) B positive
(d) Cannot be determined on the basis of the given data
ExplanationAns: a
Sub-Theme: Blood group
The Correct answer is Option (a):
Question 16
A new optical disc format known as the Blu-ray Disc (BD) is becoming In what way is it different from the traditional DVD?
Compared to a DVD, the BD format has several times more storage capacity.
Thickness of BD is 4 mm while that of DVD is 1.2 mm.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ExplanationAns: b
Sub-Theme: Digital Technology
Question 17
When the bark of a tree is removed in a circular fashion all around near its base, it gradually dries up and dies because
(a) Water form soil cannot rise to aerial parts
(b) Roots are starved of energy
(c) Tree is infected by soil microbes
(d) Roots do not receive oxygen for respiration
ExplanationAns: (b)
Sub-Theme: Basic and Everyday Science
The Correct answer is Option (b):
Question 18
A layer in the Earth’s atmosphere called Ionosphere facilitates radio communication. Why?
Radio waves have a very long wavelength.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
ExplanationAns: d
Sub-Theme: Basic and Everyday Science
Question 19
A genetically engineered form of brinjal, known as the Bt-brinjal, has been The objective of this is
(a) To make it pest-resistant
(b) To improve its taste and nutritive qualities
(c) To make it drought-resistant
(d) To make its shelf-life longer
ExplanationAns: a
Sub-Theme: GM Crops
The Correct answer is Option (a):
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