Context: 

This editorial is based on the news “Test tube rhinos: Why rebuilding doomed species is a desperate race against time” which was published in the Indian Express. Recently, scientists in Berlin, Germany announced the first successful embryo transfer in a white rhinoceros  (Ceratotherium simum) through in vitro fertilization (IVF). 

Northern White Rhinos: Facts, Threats, and Conservation

• Critically Endangered: Northern White Rhinos are critically endangered with only 2 females left on the planet. 
• On the Brink of Extinction: The last male Northern White Rhino died in 2018 leaving the species on the brink of extinction. 
• Conservation Status: Critically Endangered
  • Southern White Rhino: Near Threatened

• Poaching of Northern White Rhinos:

  • Medicinal Importance: Northern White Rhino horns are highly valued in some cultures for their supposed medicinal properties
  • Status Symbol: Rhino horns are also seen as a status symbol and are used for ornamental purposes
  • Demand of Horns: Anti-poaching efforts have struggled to keep up with the demand for rhino horns.

• Habitat Loss of Northern White Rhinos

• • Major Threat: Habitat loss is another major threat to the Northern White Rhinos. 
  • Destroy of Native Regions: They are native to grasslands and savannas in Africa and these habitats are being destroyed by human activities such as agriculture and urbanization.

Efforts to Save the Northern White Rhinos:

• Conservationists are working to save the Northern White Rhino from extinction.
• In vitro fertilization is being used to try to create a White Rhino embryo.
• Anti-poaching efforts are being increased to protect the remaining rhinos

The Importance of Saving the Northern White Rhinos:

• For Ecosystem Services: Rhinos play an important role in the ecosystem. 
  • Rhinos help maintain grasslands and support other wildlife.
• Impact on Biodiversity: Losing the Northern White Rhino would have a negative impact on the ecosystem.

The Future of the Northern White Rhinos

• Uncertain: The future of the Northern White Rhino is uncertain.
• Eyes on Fertilization Technology: Success of in vitro fertilization efforts will determine if the species can survive.
• Conservation Efforts: Continued anti-poaching and habitat conservation efforts are crucial for their survival.

Way Forward

• Conservation: Support anti-poaching and habitat conservation efforts
• Boycott Rhino Products: Do not purchase products made from rhino horns
• Awareness: Raise awareness about the plight of the Northern White Rhino