Answer:

Introduction

Chanakya believed that in the realm of interstate relations, ethical considerations often give way to the supremacy of power. He metaphorically compared it to a jungle, highlighting how the might of the lion dominates, implying that ethical principles may be overshadowed by the strength and dominance of nations.

Body

Ethical issues in international relations

• Power Imbalance: It can result in dominant states exploiting weaker ones. For instance, the annexation of Crimea by Russia in 2014 highlights how a powerful state can disregard the territorial integrity of a smaller nation.
• Humanitarian Crises: The pursuit of power and dominance can overshadow humanitarian concerns. Conflicts such as the Syrian civil war, where international intervention has been insufficient to address the suffering of innocent civilians.
• Arms Trade: The race for power often fuels it, raising ethical questions about the responsible transfer of weapons. Like the USA and Russia providing weapons that perpetuate conflicts as seen in conflicts such as the Yemeni civil war.
• Economic Exploitation: Powerful states can exploit weaker nations, leading to ethical issues i.e. resource extraction, labour exploitation, and unfair trade practices. For instance, MNCs operating in developing countries may prioritize profit over the welfare of locals.
  
• Cyber Warfare: Including hacking, surveillance, and information manipulation, raises questions about responsible use of digital power. Like state-sponsored cyberattacks on critical infrastructure and interference in elections attributed to Russia & China.
• Intervention and Sovereignty: The ethical dilemma of intervention arises when powerful states consider intervening in the affairs of other nations to protect human rights. As seen in debates surrounding interventions in Libya, Syria, and Myanmar.
• Inequality and Poverty: Power disparities in international relations contribute to global inequality and poverty. Uneven distribution of wealth and resources, exemplified by the North- South divide, calls for greater ethical responsibility.

Measures to address these ethical issues in international relations

• Strengthening International Institutions: Enhancing the effectiveness of institutions like the United Nations, World Trade Organization, and International Criminal Court to promote ethical behaviour among nations.
• Promoting Diplomacy and Dialogue: Encouraging peaceful negotiations and dialogue as means to resolve conflicts and avoid unethical actions. The ongoing diplomatic talks between North and South Korea showcase the importance of dialogue.
• Upholding Human Rights: Advocating for the protection of human rights worldwide and holding nations accountable for violations. For instance, global condemnation of China’s treatment of Uighur Muslims emphasizes protection of human rights.
• Strengthening International Cooperation: Promoting collaboration among nations to address global challenges, such as climate change. The Paris Agreement shows a collective effort by countries worldwide to combat climate change ethically.
• Encouraging Cultural Exchange: Fostering cultural understanding and appreciation among nations to promote tolerance and respect. Programs like the UNESCO World Heritage Sites encourage ethical appreciation of diverse cultural heritages.
• Advancing Ethical Technology Use: Developing and implementing ethical guidelines for emerging technologies like artificial intelligence and biotechnology. Like India’s Aadhaar system balances technological advancements with privacy concerns.
• Ethical Education and Awareness: Promoting ethical values through education will encourage responsible global citizenship. Like National Education Policy 2020 value-based education to foster ethical awareness among students.

Conclusion

Going ahead, it is essential to recognize these ethical issues in international relations and strive for a more just, equitable, and cooperative global order, where the strength of the lion is tempered by ethical considerations and respect for human dignity, fostering a more fair and harmonious global community.