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A New Species of Green Anaconda

February 20, 2024

GS Paper III Biodiversity & Environment

Context: 

Scientific discovery has raised understanding about two genetically different species of green anaconda.

New Species of Green Anaconda Discovered in Orinoco Basin

  • Southern Green Anaconda (Eunectes murinus): This species is already known and resides in Peru, Bolivia, French Guiana, and Brazil. It’s commonly referred to as the “Southern green anaconda”.
  • Northern Green Anaconda (Eunectes akayima): Recently discovered, this species is found in Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana. It’s named the “Northern green anaconda”.
    • The two species closely resemble each other in their physical characteristics.
Anacondas:

Anacondas, also known as water boas, belong to the genus Eunectes.

They are a group of sizable snakes.

Four different types of anacondas were identified in history.

  • Aquatic Adaptation: The snakes are well-adjusted to living primarily in water.
  • Colour: Anacondas have an olive hue.
  • Markings: They possess large black spots on their bodies.
    • Camouflage: These markings help them blend into their environment effectively.

Anacondas as Environmental Indicators:

  • Environmental Sensitivity: Anacondas are  very responsive to changes in its surroundings.
  • Sign of Ecosystem Health: Healthy anaconda populations reflect thriving ecosystems with abundant food and clean water.
  • Warning Signs: Decreasing anaconda populations could signal environmental problems.

About Green Anaconda

Green Anaconda

  • Green anacondas are also known as giant anacondas.
    • Females can grow over seven meters long.
  • IUCN Status: Least Concern
  • Scientific name: Eunectes murinus
  • Size: Green anacondas are the largest and longest snakes in the world.
  • Habitat: They mostly live in rivers and wetlands in South America.
  • Green anacondas are not venomous. 
  • Amazing Skills: Green anacondas are fast movers and asphyxiate (squeeze and suffocate) large prey before swallowing them whole.
  • Threats: Climate change, Habitat degradation River Pollution, etc.
Also Read: New Marine Amphipod Species Found In Chilika Lake

News Source: Down to Earth

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