Indian Constitution Schedules: Integral Components & Subject Matter

April 8, 2024 3268 0

Introduction

Schedules in the constitution serve as integral components of the constitution, offering clarity and specificity on matters such as Name of states, territorial boundaries, official languages, forms of oaths, and allocation of seats in legislative bodies, among others. The purpose of schedules in a constitution is to provide supplementary details, specifications, or lists that support and complement the main text of the constitution.

Originally, the Indian Constitution consisted of 8 schedules upon its commencement. However, the current Constitution of India now encompasses a total of 12 schedules.

Number

Subject Matter

First 
  • Names of the States and their territorial jurisdiction.
  • Names of the Union Territories and their extent.
Second  Provisions relating to the emoluments, allowances, privileges and so on

  1. The President of India
  2. The Governors of States
  3. The Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha
  4. The Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha
  5. The Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly in the states
  6. The Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council in the states
  7. The Judges of the Supreme Court
  8. The Judges of the High Courts
  9. The Comptroller and Auditor-General of India
Third  Forms of Oaths or Affirmations

  1. The Union ministers
  2. The candidates for election to the Parliament
  3. The Members of Parliament
  4. The Judges of the Supreme Court
  5. The Comptroller and Auditor–General of India
  6. The State Ministers
  7. The candidates for election to the State Legislature
  8. The Members of the State Legislature
  9. The Judges of the High Courts
Fourth Allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha to the states and the union territories.
Fifth  Provisions relating to the administration and control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes.
Sixth Provisions relating to the administration of tribal areas in the states of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram.
Seventh
Eighth Languages recognized by the Constitution. Originally, it had 14 languages, but presently there are 22 languages. They are Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri (Dongri), Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Mathili (Maithili), Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santhali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu. 

  • Sindhi was added by the 21st CAA, 1967.
  • Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali were added by the 71st CAA, 1992.
  • Bodo, Dongri, Maithili and Santhali were added by the 92nd CAA, 2003. 
  • Oriya was renamed as ‘Odia’ by the 96th CAA, 2011.
Ninth
  • Acts and Regulations (originally 13 but presently 282) of the State legislatures dealing with land reforms and abolition of the zamindari system and of the Parliament dealing with other matters. 
  • This schedule was added by the 1st Amendment (1951) to protect the laws included in it from judicial review on the grounds of violation of Fundamental rights. However, the Supreme Court ruled that the laws included in this schedule after April 24, 1973, are now open to judicial review.
Tenth 
  • Provisions relating to disqualification of the members of Parliament and State Legislatures on the ground of defection
  • This schedule was added by the 52nd Amendment Act of 1985, also known as Anti-defection Law.
Eleventh 
  • Specifies the powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats
  • It has 29 matters. This schedule was added by the 73rd CAA, 1992.
Twelfth
  • Specifies the powers, authority and responsibilities of Municipalities
  • It has 18 matters. This schedule was added by the 74th CAA, 1992.

 

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Conclusion

  • Schedules help structure the constitution by grouping specific provisions or details related to various aspects of governance, administration, or procedures.
  • They offer clarity and specificity on matters such as territorial boundaries, official languages, forms of oaths, allocation of seats in legislative bodies, and other procedural or administrative details.
  • Schedules allow for adaptability by providing a mechanism for incorporating additional information or amendments without directly modifying the main text of the constitution.
  • Schedules serve as legal references for interpreting and implementing specific provisions of the constitution, providing guidance for courts, government officials, and other stakeholders.
Related Articles 
Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI): Mission, Composition & Tenure India’s Constitutional Preamble
Uniform Civil Code in India Directive Principles of State Policy in India
Indian Citizenship Act Collective and Individual Ministerial Responsibility in India’s Parliamentary System

 

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