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Home/Current Affairs/2023-24 El Niño Event – One of the Strongest on Record as per WMO Seasonal Climate Updates

2023-24 El Niño Event – One of the Strongest on Record as per WMO Seasonal Climate Updates

7 Mar 2024

Context: 

The 2023-24 El Nino event has peaked as one of the five strongest on record according to WMO.

El Niño:

  • El Niño is periodic warming of the ocean surface, or above-average sea surface temperatures (SST), in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean along the Peruvian Coast replacing the cold Humboldt current.
    • It occurs every two to seven years on an average, and typically lasts nine to 12 months.
    • Impact: 
      • It is associated with increased rainfall in the Horn of Africa and the southern US, and unusually dry and warm conditions in Southeast Asia, Australia and southern Africa.
      • The low-level surface winds or the Easterlies weaken or  in some cases, changes their direction and start blowing in the other direction (from west to east). 
      • Societies and economies: Accurate seasonal forecasts helped countries prepare in advance to try to limit the damage in climate sensitive sectors like agriculture, water resources and health. 
      • Early warnings of weather and climate extremes associated with El Nino have saved countless lives

2023-24 El Niño – One of the Strongest on Record Says WMO

  • As per the European Union’s Copernicus Climate Change Service, the global mean temperature breached the 1.5-degree Celsius threshold for an entire year for the first time in January.
  • World Meteorological Organisation issued the Global Seasonal Climate Update as per which, 
    • El Nino event 2023: It was strongest between November and January.
      • It displayed a peak value of about 2.0 degrees Celsius above the 1991 to 2020 average sea-surface temperature for the eastern and central tropical Pacific Ocean though it was weaker than the 1997-98 and 2015-2016 events.
    • Impact: 
      • The present El-Nino event  will result in above-normal sea-surface temperatures over much of the global oceans 
      • It is expected to lead to above-normal temperatures over almost all land areas in the next three months, and influence regional rainfall patterns.
    • Peaking: There is about a 60% chance of El Nino persisting during March-May with above-normal temperatures predicted over almost all land areas but it will be weakened  with an 80% likelihood of neutral conditions developing during April to June.
    • Emergence of La nina: There is a higher chance of La Nina developing later in the year again
    • Every month since June 2023 has set a new monthly temperature record and 2023 was, by far, the warmest year on record. El Nino has contributed to these record temperatures but heat-trapping greenhouse gases.
Also Read: Changing Rainfall Patterns In India’s Sub-Districts

News source: The hindu

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