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75 Endemic Birds of India: Zoological Survey of India

August 7, 2023

GS Paper III Environment and Ecology

Context: 

The Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) recently published a report titled “75 Endemic Birds of India,” to commemorate the 108th anniversary of the foundation of the ZSI.

Key Findings of the Report:

  • India’s Rich Bird Diversity: India is home to 1,353 bird species, which represents approximately 12.40% of global bird diversity. 
    • Of these 1,353 bird species, 78 (5%) are endemic to the country.
  • Endemic Bird Species Threat Assessment in India: Out of the 78 endemic bird species in India, 
    • 25 are categorized as ‘Threatened’ by the IUCN.
    • 3 as ‘Critically Endangered’.
    • 5 as ‘Endangered’.
    • 17 as ‘Vulnerable’.
    • 11 as ‘Near Threatened’ .
  • Distribution Patterns:
    • Western Ghats: 28 Endemic bird species.
    • Andaman and Nicobar Islands: 25 Endemic bird species.
  • Not Seen in Decades: Three species have not been recorded in the last few decades:
    • Manipur Bush Quail (Perdicula manipurensis), listed as ‘Endangered’, last recorded sighting in 1907.
    • The Himalayan Quail (Ophrysia superciliosa), listed as ‘Critically Endangered’ with its last recorded sighting in 1876.
    • Jerdon’s Courser (Rhinoptilus bitorquatus), listed as ‘Critically Endangered’ with its last confirmed sighting in 2009.
About Zoological Survey of India:

  • ZSI is a subordinate organization under the Ministry of Environment and Forests was founded in 1916. 
  • It serves as a national faunistic survey center, advancing knowledge about India’s diverse fauna. 
  • Headquartered in Kolkata, it has 16 regional stations across the country.

News Source: The Hindu

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