Context:
- Recently, the Brazzaville Summit or Three Basins Summit was attended by more than 3,000 delegates from countries in the three basins of the Amazon, Congo and Borneo-Mekong-Southeast Asia.
Brazzaville Summit or Three Basins Summit 2023
- Brazzaville Summit concluded with the declaration by the Heads of State and Government of the States.
- Fund Commitment: There is a need to create a fund to address loss and damage due to climate change.
- Leaders urged developed countries to meet their commitments. These include the $200 billion per year by 2030, as set out in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, and $100 billion per year in climate finance as new, additional, predictable and adequate resources to developing countries.
- Importance of Three Basin: These basins are responsible for around three-quarters of all global biodiversity and 80 percent of the world’s forest cover.
Congo Basin
- Known as the “lungs of Africa”, the Congo Basin is the largest carbon sink in the world.
- The Congo Basin spans across six countries—Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon
Amazon Basin
- The Amazon Basin is a vast biome that spans across—Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, and Suriname—and French Guiana.
The Borneo-Mekong-Southeast Asia Basin
- It is the world’s third largest carbon sink, and is composed of two sub-regions, the island of Borneo and the Mekong River.
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Brazzaville Summit Declaration
- Recognise the value of enhanced cooperation between the three basins Recognise that sovereign management of biodiversity, forests and associated resources of the three basins is essential
- Develop solutions together
- Pool and capitalize on existing knowledge, experience, resources and achievements
- Involve all states and national authorities, including indigenous peoples, youth, women, civil society, academia and the private sector
- Encourage financial mobilization and the development of traditional and innovative financing mechanisms
- Establish a sustainable system of remuneration for the ecosystem services provided by the three basins.
The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework:
- Aim: To halt and reverse biodiversity loss by 2030.
- It was adopted in December 2022 at the 15th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity.
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News Source: Down to Earth
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November 1, 2023