A study conducted by researchers in Tanzania’s Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA) has offered insights into the reasons behind human-Cape buffalo conflict that occurs across sub-Saharan Africa.

Key Highlights of the Study 

• Main Cause of Conflict:  The study found that resource competition was the main factor that ignited human-African buffalo conflict. 
• Recommendations: Involve local communities in developing and testing mitigation strategies such as chili bombs, drones, and intense light torches.
• • Implement communal guard groups and avoid crop planting within 500-meter buffer zones near protected areas.

About Cape Buffaloes

• The Cape Buffalo is one of four subspecies of African Buffalo found south of the Sahara.
  • Other subspecies include the Forest Buffalo, West African Savanna Buffalo, and Central African Savanna Buffalo.
• Big Five Member: It is one of Africa’s “Big Five” species, along with the lion, leopard, elephant, and rhinoceros.
• Physical Characteristics: They have long, stocky bodies with short, thick legs.
  • Adult buffalo horns have fused bases forming a continuous bone shield across the head, known as “boss”.
• Habitat: Found in swamps, floodplains, mopane grasslands, and forests of Africa’s major mountains.
• Behavior and Social Structure: Cape Buffaloes are active both day and night.
  • They are social animals living in herds with related females and their offspring, maintaining a linear dominance hierarchy.
• Distribution: Found across the savannas of East and Southern Africa.
• Diet: They are strictly herbivorous, feeding on grasses and leaves.
• Special Abilities: Excellent swimmers, often crossing rivers to access better grazing areas.
• Conservation Status: Listed as “Near Threatened” by IUCN.

Check Out UPSC NCERT Textbooks From PW Store

About Sub-Saharan Africa

• Geographical Location: A vast region in Africa, south of the Sahara Desert.
• Diverse Landscapes: Encompasses various landscapes, including rainforests, savannas, deserts, and mountains.
• Vegetation:
  • Rainforests: Lush, dense forests with diverse plant life, found in regions with high rainfall.
  • Savannas: Grasslands with scattered trees, supporting a wide range of wildlife.
  • Deserts: Arid regions with sparse vegetation, adapted to harsh conditions.
• Wildlife:
  • Iconic Animals: lions, elephants, giraffes, zebras, and rhinoceroses.
  • Diverse Ecosystems: Supports a rich biodiversity, including various bird species, reptiles, and amphibians.
• Countries: Includes nations like Nigeria, South Africa, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Congo, Angola, and many more.
• Challenges: Faces significant challenges, including poverty, disease, conflict, and environmental degradation.