India’s coastal security is under scrutiny as 13 coastal states and Union Territories report critical issues, including non-operational patrol boats, staff shortages, and insufficient funds for training and infrastructure under the Coastal Security Scheme (CSS).
- A committee under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has been tasked with visiting these regions to assess the implementation and formulate CSS Phase III.
About the Coastal Security Scheme (CSS)
- Launch and Objective: Introduced in 2005-06, the CSS aims to strengthen coastal security by equipping states and UTs with the necessary infrastructure and resources to conduct effective marine patrolling.
- The scheme supplements efforts by the Navy and Coast Guard to enhance coastal safety and prevent unauthorized activities along India’s 7,516.6 km coastline.
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Coastal security is indispensable for India due to
- Strategic Importance: India’s long ~7500 Km coastline is vital for trade and defense.
- Terrorism Threat: Coastal areas are vulnerable to infiltration by terrorist groups as seen during Mumbai 26/11 Attacks.
- Maritime Crime: Smuggling, piracy, and illegal fishing activities pose significant challenges.
- Natural Disasters: Coastal regions are prone to cyclones and tsunamis, requiring effective disaster response.
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Phases of Implementation
- Phase I (2005-2011):
- Budget: ₹646 crore over six years.
- Phase II (2011-2020):
- Implementation OF CSS : Managed by the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), the scheme relies on coordination with state and UT governments for infrastructure, manpower, and operational readiness.
Challenges Reported
- Non-Operational Equipment: Many states, such as Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, reported that the majority of boats provided under CSS Phase I are non-functional due to expired maintenance contracts or damage.
- Insufficient Infrastructure: States like West Bengal and Puducherry flagged inadequate funds for jetty construction and incomplete police stations.
- Manpower Shortages: Several states, including Karnataka, rely on outsourced or deputed personnel, with no dedicated marine police staff.
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Recommendations for Phase III of CSS
- Procurement of larger, more stable, and cost-efficient boats.
- Insurance coverage for marine police personnel.
- Enhanced training programs for handling marine equipment and operations.
- This evaluation highlights the urgent need for reforms to address existing gaps and strengthen India’s coastal security framework.
1 Jan 2025
