Context

AK Balan, a CPI(M) leader, has warned that the party might lose its iconic Hammer, Sickle, and Star symbol if it performs poorly in the upcoming 2024 Lok Sabha Elections.

• If CPI(M) loses its national status, it might have to use a different symbol like the octopus or pangolin in future elections assigned by the Election Commission.

What is the National Party?

• The National party has a nationwide presence. 
• These parties are usually big such as  the Congress and BJP. 
  • However, small parties can also become a national party. 
• A party can gain and lose status as a national party if it fails to meet the standard criteria set by election commission. 

National Party Criteria

A political party is recognized as a national party when it meets one of the following conditions mentioned in Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968:

• Vote Share in Multiple States: A party must secure at least 6% of the total valid votes in four or more states where it fields candidates in Lok Sabha or state assembly elections. 
  • Additionally, it must win a minimum of four Lok Sabha seats from any state or states.
• Representation in Lok Sabha: In the previous Lok Sabha elections, the party must have won at least 2% of the total seats, with candidates elected from a minimum of three states.
• State Party Recognition: The party is known as a state party in at least four states.

Advantages of Being a National Party in India

• Reserved party symbols
• More coverage on television and radio during elections.
• A national party can engage 40 star campaigners
  • Exemption from the expenses of star  campaign from the party’s overall costs 
• “National” status enables a party to get land from the government to build its headquarters.
• These parties are given two free sets of electoral rolls.
  • In addition to it, it gets one free electoral roll for each candidate. 
• These parties have rights to field any candidates across the nation, leading to increased support and influence.