Indian Defence Minister has announced the creation of an ‘Adaptive Defence’ to address emerging challenges in today’s fast-changing world.

• Significance: Described as not just a strategic choice, but a necessity.

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Concept of Adaptive Defence

• A strategic approach where military and defence mechanisms continuously evolve to effectively counter emerging threats.
• Proactive Preparation: Involves anticipating potential threats and preparing for them proactively.
• Key Elements: Situational awareness, strategic and tactical flexibility, resilience, agility, and integration with futuristic technologies.

Status of Defence Exports

• India’s defence exports are growing:
• In 2023-24, India exported defence items to over 100 countries.
• Top three export destinations: USA, France, and Armenia.
• Export target: ₹50,000 crore worth of defence exports by 2029.

What are Emerging Technologies?

• Emerging technologies are new technologies whose development and practical applications are not realised yet. 
  • It can be both new technology or advancement of existing technology. 
• Examples of Emerging Technologies in Defence
  • Drones and Swarm Technologies: These technologies have brought changes in the warfare methods. 
  • Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML): These technologies help in threat detection. 
  • Cyberse warfare technologies: The defensive technologies help in protecting critical data and command systems from cyber attacks. 

Impact of Emerging Technologies

• Drones and Swarm Technologies: These technologies are revolutionizing warfare tactics and strategies.
• Cyber Warfare: The digital domain is becoming a new battleground because cyberattacks are posing significant threats to critical infrastructure and national security.
• Artificial Intelligence (AI): AI can enhance decision-making, automate tasks, and develop autonomous weapons systems.
• Quantum Technologies: Quantum computing and cryptography have the potential to disrupt traditional encryption methods and cyber security.
• Nanotechnology: Nanotechnology can be used to develop advanced materials and devices with military applications.
• India’s stance
  • Drone Hub: India aims to become a global drone hub, promoting domestic manufacturing and innovation.
  • Make in India: The government is focused on boosting domestic defense manufacturing and reducing reliance on imports.
  • Defence Exports: India is increasing its defense exports to various countries, including the US, France, and Armenia.
  • International Collaboration: India is seeking to collaborate with other countries to address emerging security challenges and share knowledge and expertise.

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Why is a collaborative approach essential in current geopolitical dynamics?

• Geopolitical dynamics and cross-border issues necessitate a collaborative approach to defence.
• Collaboration is essential due to ambiguities in cyberspace, AI, and the potential of quantum and nanotechnologies.
• Sharing knowledge, perspectives, information, and strategies is crucial.