Genome Editing Mission to Boost Pearl Spot Production Launched

8 Jul 2024

Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (Kufos) is set to launch a genome editing mission to revolutionize aquaculture and boost pearl spot production.

  • Purpose: To target the genetic makeup of the fish inhibiting faster rate of growth. It would also help enhance breeding and seed production of pearl spots.
  • The DNA sequencing of pearl spots was expected to be available in the public domain soon.

About Pearl Spot Fish

Pearl Spot Fish

  • Scientific Name:  Etroplus suratensis and commonly known as “Karimeen” in Kerala.
  • Native Species: Pearl spots are a high valued food fish endemic to peninsular India and Sri Lanka. 
  • Recognition: The species was declared as the ‘State fish of Kerala’ in the year 2010. 
  • Potential for aquaculture: 
    • The pearl spot has high market demand, hardy nature, non-predatory habits and ability to breed naturally in confined waters making it a suitable candidate for aquaculture.
  • Features: 
    • Habitat: Pearlspot is a euryhaline fish, thriving well in brackish waters and has the ability to live both in fresh and saline waters.
    • Feeding habits: It is an omnivorous detritus feeder which feeds mainly on plankton, small worms, prawns and algae with Periphyton dominated with spirogyra being its favorite food. 
    • Breeding habits: It has an asynchronous type of ovary which indicates its continuous spawning habit. It breeds throughout the year with two peaks during the monsoons.
      • Breeding behavior involves pairing, courtship, chasing, nest making and parental care.
    • Physical Attributes: Pearl spots have an elevated laterally compressed body and a small cleft mouth.
      • Coulor: In the natural habitat, the fish is light green in color with eight vertical bands.
      • Scales: Most of the scales above the lateral line have a pearly white spot and some irregular black spots are seen on the abdominal scales.
    • Prone to diseases: The most common disease causing agents are bacteria including Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes, Flavobacteria, Moraxella, Vibrio and gram-positive Micrococci, Athrobacter and Bacillus spp.

Enroll now for UPSC Online Course

Pearl Spot Farming

  • Culture: The pearl spot is suitable for culture in confined, fresh and brackish waters  in traditional ponds in Kerala at small scale which can be harvested in 9-12 months ( achieving a body weight of 300 to 400 grams). 
  • It is cultured in the traditional manner, in the ‘Pokkali’ fields.
    • Annual Production: Kerala produces around 2,000 tonnes of pearl spots annually against the market demand for about 10,000 tonnes as per 2020 estimates.
  • Seed production: Seed of pearl spot is available throughout the year along the east and south-west coasts of India with the peak season being during the months of May-July and November-February. 
    • Method of seed collection: In this method twigs or branches are kept submerged in the water a week before the  day of collection taking advantage of the tendency of the fish to congregate in large numbers for feeding on epiphytic growth.
  • Spawning Surfaces: 
    • Natural Environment: The fish attaches its eggs to submerged substrata like stones, aquatic plants etc. 
    • Cultured Environment: In a prepared pond materials like palmyrah leaves tied in bunches to fixed poles, coconut leaf petioles, coconut husks, bricks, pieces of asbestos sheets etc.is being provided in the ponds.

Genome Editing

  • Genome editing technologies enable scientists to make changes to DNA of an organism leading to changes in their physical traits, like eye color, and disease risk. 
  • Alteration: These technologies allow genetic material to be added, removed, or altered at particular locations in the genome
  • Technology: Scientists use different technologies to do this which acts like scissors, cutting the DNA at a specific spot. More recently, a new genome editing tool called CRISPR, invented in 2009.
    • Then scientists can remove, add, or replace the DNA where it was cut.
  • The first genome editing technologies were developed in the late 1900s, has made it easier than ever to edit DNA.

 

Must Read
UPSC Daily Editorials UPSC Daily Current Affairs
Check Out UPSC NCERT Textbooks From PW Store Check Out UPSC Modules From PW Store 
Check Out Previous Years Papers From PW Store UPSC Test Series 2024
Daily Current Affairs Quiz Daily Main Answer Writing
Check Out UPSC CSE Books From PW Store

 

Archive Calendar

Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun
 123
45678910
11121314151617
18192021222324
25262728293031

Need help preparing for UPSC or State PSCs?

Connect with our experts to get free counselling & start preparing

Know about Physics Wallah

Physics Wallah is an Indian online education platform, that provides accessible & comprehensive learning experiences to students of classes 6 to 12 and those preparing for JEE and NEET exams. We also provide extensive NCERT solutions, sample papers, NEET, JEE Mains, BITSAT previous year papers, which makes us a one-stop solution for all resources. Physics Wallah also caters to over 3.5 million registered students and over 78 lakh+ Youtube subscribers with 4.8 rating on its app.

We Stand Out because

We successfully provide students with intensive courses by India's qualified & experienced faculties. PW strives to make the learning experience comprehensive and accessible for students of all sections of society. We believe in empowering every single student who couldn't dream of a good career in engineering and medical field earlier.

Our Key Focus Areas

Physics Wallah’s main focus is to create accessible learning experiences for students all over India. With courses like Lakshya, Udaan, Arjuna & many others, we have been able to provide a ready solution for lakhs of aspirants. From providing Chemistry, Maths, Physics formulae to giving e-books of eminent authors, PW aims to provide reliable solutions for student prep.

What Makes Us Different

Physics Wallah strives to develop a comprehensive pedagogical structure for students, where they get a state-of-the-art learning experience with study material and resources. Apart from catering students preparing for JEE Mains and NEET, PW also provides study material for each state board like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and others.

Aiming for UPSC?

Download Our App

# #
Quick Revise Now !
AVAILABLE FOR DOWNLOAD SOON
UDAAN PRELIMS WALLAH
Comprehensive coverage with a concise format
Integration of PYQ within the booklet
Designed as per recent trends of Prelims questions
हिंदी में भी उपलब्ध
Quick Revise Now !
UDAAN PRELIMS WALLAH
Comprehensive coverage with a concise format
Integration of PYQ within the booklet
Designed as per recent trends of Prelims questions
हिंदी में भी उपलब्ध

<div class="new-fform">






    </div>

    Subscribe our Newsletter
    Sign up now for our exclusive newsletter and be the first to know about our latest Initiatives, Quality Content, and much more.
    *Promise! We won't spam you.
    Yes! I want to Subscribe.