T.N. declares heatwaves a State-specific disaster

29 Oct 2024

T.N. declares heatwaves a State-specific disaster

Recently, the Tamil Nadu government has officially declared heatwaves a State-specific disaster and announced ex-gratia payments of ₹4 lakh for families of individuals who die of heat-related causes.

Heatwaves

  • Definition: Period of unusually high temperatures compared to what is normally expected in a region.
  • Criteria for Declaring a Heat Wave in India:
    • Plains: Maximum temperature reaches at least 40°C.
    • heatwavesCoastal Stations: Maximum temperature reaches at least 37°C.
    • Hilly Regions: Maximum temperature reaches at least 30°C.
  • Classification of Heat Waves:
    • Based on Departure from Normal:
      • Heat Wave: Departure from normal is 4.5°C to 6.4°C.
      • Severe Heat Wave: Departure from normal exceeds 6.4°C.
    • Based on Actual Maximum Temperature (Plains Only):
      • Heat Wave: Actual maximum temperature reaches 45°C.
      • Severe Heat Wave: Actual maximum temperature reaches 47°C.
  • Declaration Criteria:
    • Conditions must be met in at least two stations within a Meteorological sub-division.
    • Conditions must persist for at least two consecutive days.
  • Favourable Conditions for Heat Waves:
    • Hot and Dry Air: Acts as a reservoir of heat, transported by prevailing winds.
    • Low Humidity Levels: Allows heat accumulation and limits nighttime cooling.
    • Clear Skies: Enables uninterrupted sunlight, raising ground and air temperatures.
    • Large Amplitude Anticyclonic Flow: Sinking air compresses and warms adiabatically.
    • Geographical Considerations: More frequent in arid/semi-arid regions, like Northwest India.
    • Climate Change: Increased baseline temperatures enhance the likelihood and intensity of heatwaves.

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State-Specific Disasters

  • Definition: Disasters that are local to a state and not listed by the Ministry of Home Affairs.
  • Announcement: Declared by the State Government.
  • Funding Mechanism: Utilises up to 10% of the funds from the State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF) for immediate relief.
  • Responsible Authority: State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA), established under the Disaster Management Act of 2005.
  • SDMA Composition: Chaired by the Chief Minister and includes no more than eight members appointed by the Chief Minister.
  • Role of SDMA: Prepares and implements the state disaster management plan in line with the National Disaster Management Plan.

Notified Disasters

  • Definition: it is a catastrophic event arising from natural or human-made causes, officially recognized by the government.
  • Legal Framework:
    • Defined under the Disaster Management Act of 2005.
    • Current Categories of Notified Disasters (13 categories):
    • Cyclones, Drought, Earthquakes, Fire, Flood, Tsunami, Hailstorm, Landslide, Avalanche, Cloudburst, Pest Attack, Frost and Cold Waves, COVID-19.
  • Financial Assistance:
    • Provided from two funds established under the DM Act:
      • National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF) at the national level.
      • State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF) at the state level.

Heat Dome

  • Definition: it is a weather phenomenon where a high-pressure system traps warm air, acting like a lid on a pot.
  • Characteristics:
    • Warm air cannot rise, resulting in clear skies.
    • The high-pressure system allows more sunlight to reach the earth, leading to increased warming and soil drying.
    • Reduced evaporation limits rain cloud formation.

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