Context:
Iran and Afghanistan are locked in a long-standing dispute over the sharing of water from the Helmand River. Clashes broke out recently along the border.
Conflict:
- The clash came amid an escalating dispute between Kabul and Tehran over the Helmand River, which is a vital source of water for both sides, supporting agriculture, livelihoods and ecosystems in the region.
- Afghanistan and Iran have been at loggerheads over the sharing of river water for over a century.
- Afghanistan and Iran signed an agreement — the Helmand River Treaty in 1973 to regulate the allocation of river water.
- But the accord was neither ratified nor fully implemented, causing disagreements and tensions to persist.
Helmand river
- The Helmand is Afghanistan’s longest river.
- It originates near Kabul in the western Hindu Kush mountain range and flows in a southwesterly direction through desert areas for a total of about 1,150 kilometers (715 miles) before emptying into Lake Hamun, which straddles the Afghanistan-Iran border.
Lake Hamun
- It is the largest freshwater lake in Iran.
- It used to be one of the world’s largest wetlands, straddling 4,000 square kilometers (1,600 square miles) between Iran and Afghanistan, fed by the Helmand.
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News Source: Indian Express
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