Multidimensional Poverty Index

12 Jul 2023

Context: The latest update of the global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) was released by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).

Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI):

  • Released by: United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI).
  • First launched: In 2010.
  • It measures acute multidimensional poverty across more than 100 developing countries.

Findings of MPI about the World 

  • Countries showing progress: 25 countries successfully halved their global MPI values within 15 years, showing that rapid progress is attainable. These countries include Cambodia, China, Congo, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Morocco, Serbia and Vietnam.
  • A long way to go-1.1 billion out of 6.1 billion people around more than 18% live in acute multidimensional poverty across 110 countries.

Findings about India 

  • Reduction in total number of poor: 
    1. Reduction in absolute numbers-In 2005­-06, about 645 million people were in multidimensional poverty in India, with this number declining to about 370 million in 2015-­16 and 230 million in 2019­-21. 
    2. Comprehensive reduction-Deprivation in all indicators declined in India 
    3. The poorest States and groups, including children and people in disadvantaged caste groups, had the fastest absolute progress.

Progress in 2019-21 as compared to 2005-06

Indicators  Status in 2005-06 Status in 2019-21
Deprivation of Nutrition 44.3% 11.8%
Child mortality 4.5% 1.5%
Deprivation of Cooking fuel  52.9% 13.9%
Deprivation of sanitation 50.4% 11.3%
Drinking water indicator 16.4% 2.7%
Deprivation of electricity  29% 2.1%
Deprivation of housing 44.9% 13.6%

News Source: The Hindu

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