Scientists have, for the first time, observed narwhals using their iconic tusks to hunt fish,  forage, and play. 

• The study also examines how they are adapting to climate change in the Arctic.

Key Findings 

• Narwhals use their tusks to hunt Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) by stunning or possibly killing the fish.
  • They demonstrate dexterity, precision, and speed in tracking prey
• Previously, scientists believed the narwhal’s tusk was used mainly for mating displays and dominance competitions.
• 17 distinct behaviors were documented, including social learning, play, and kleptoparasitism (food stealing) from glaucous gulls

About Narwhals 

• They are often called “sea unicorns,” and are medium-sized toothed whales. 
• They inhabit the remote Arctic waters, primarily around Canada, Greenland, Norway, and Russia. 
• Their most distinctive feature is the long, spiral tusk found in males, which is actually an elongated tooth.
• Scientific Name: Monodon monoceros 
• Protection Status: Least Concern (IUCN). 
• Lifespan: Females(~100 years), Males(~84 years).
• Reproduction: Gestation Period (~13 to 16 months).

Narwhal Behavior & Tusk Usage

• “Tusking” behavior: Males raise tusks out of the water, possibly for ritual assessment of rivals or mate display
• Foraging and Hunting: Used to manipulate, stun, and interrogate fish
• Play & Social Learning: Evidence of exploratory-object play and personality differences among individuals