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This article sheds light on the old age water harvesting system – Afghanistan’s karez system and surangam.
Laterite is a sedimentary rock that hardens when exposed to air and sunlight, making it suitable for tunnel construction. |
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Eco-zone | System | Description | Location |
Trans-Himalayan | Zing | Tanks for collecting melted ice water | Ladakh |
Western Himalayas | Kul, Kuhl | Water channels, headwalls | Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh |
Eastern Himalayas | Apatani | Terraced farming | Arunachal Pradesh |
Indo-Gangetic Plain | Ahar-pynes, | Embanked catchment basins | South Bihar |
Dighis, Baolis | small reservoirs, stepwells | Delhi, Delhi | |
Thar Desert | Kunds/kundis, Kuis/beris, Baoris/bers, Khadins, | Underground storage, deep pits, community wells, embankments | Rajasthan |
Vav/Vavdi/Baoli/Bavadi | stepwells | Gujarat, Rajasthan | |
Central Highlands | Talab/Bandhis | Reservoirs | Madhya Pradesh |
Johads, Naada/bandh | earthen check dams, stone check dams | Rajasthan | |
Cheruvu | Reservoirs | Andhra Pradesh | |
Kere | series of tanks | Karnataka | |
Deccan Plateau | Bhandaras, Ramtek Model | check dams, intricate network of waterbodies | Maharashtra |
Western Ghats | Surangam | Horizontal well | Kerala |
Eastern Ghats | Korambu | Temporary wall to raise water level | Kerala |
Eastern Coastal Plains | Yeri, Ooranis | Tanks, ponds | Tamil Nadu |
The Islands | Jackwells | Bamboo pipes to lead water into shallow pits | Great Nicobar Island |
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