On April 2, 2025, US President Donald Trump announced new reciprocal tariffs against major trading partners.

• These tariffs aim to reduce the US trade deficit, which currently stands at $1.2 trillion.
• A base tariff of 10% applies to all countries, while country-specific tariffs will be imposed from April 9.
• India has been hit with a 26% tariff, reflecting US concerns over India’s protectionist policies.

Reciprocal Tariffs

• Definition: Reciprocal tariffs are trade duties imposed by a country in response to tariffs or trade restrictions set by its trading partners.
• Objective: They aim to balance trade deficits and counter unfair trade practices, ensuring equal market access.
• Economic Impact: While they protect domestic industries, they can increase costs for consumers, slow economic growth, and escalate trade tensions.
  Global Trade Effects : Reciprocal tariffs often lead to retaliatory measures, disrupting global supply chains and reducing overall trade efficiency.

Implications of the Reciprocal Tariffs

• Impact on the US Economy Slower Growth: Higher tariffs disrupt global trade, reducing corporate profits and slowing economic activity.

• Rising Inflation: Tariffs increase import prices, making goods costlier for US consumers.
• Risk of Stagflation: A combination of economic stagnation and inflation may emerge, hurting businesses and consumers.
• Stock Market Decline: Markets may react negatively to reduced economic prospects and trade uncertainties.

Impact on the Global Economy

• Global Trade Disruptions: Countries heavily reliant on US trade may face reduced exports and economic downturns.
• Rising Costs Worldwide: Higher US tariffs could lead to currency devaluations, making imports costlier for affected nations.
• Increased Trade Tensions: Countries may retaliate with counter-tariffs, worsening the trade war.
• Shifting Trade Alliances: Nations may seek alternative trade partners to reduce dependence on the US.

India’s Stance and Response

• The US has criticized India’s high agricultural tariffs, FDI restrictions, and unpredictable trade policies.
• India may need to negotiate tariff reductions or reform trade policies to avoid long-term economic setbacks.
• A weaker rupee due to tariffs could lead to higher crude oil prices and domestic inflation.
• India might strengthen ties with Europe and Asia to mitigate the impact of US tariffs.

Conclusion

• Trump’s tariffs mark a strong protectionist shift, potentially slowing global economic growth.
• For India, policy adjustments or new trade alliances may be necessary to minimize economic risks.
• The coming months will determine whether global trade tensions escalate or stabilize through negotiations.