Whooping Cough

Context

Recently, between January and March 2024, about 32,000 cases of Whooping Cough were reported across Europe.

Whooping Cough

Whooping cough, caused by Bordetella pertussis bacteria, affects the respiratory system. It’s recognized by severe coughing fits, sometimes with a distinctive “whooping” sound. It is particularly dangerous for infants and can lead to complications such as pneumonia and, in some cases, death.

• Transmission: The bacteria is transmitted  through respiratory droplets when someone with the infection coughs or sneezes. It sticks to the throat lining and releases toxins that damage tiny hair-like structures that clear debris and mucus.
  • This causes inflammation in the airways, resulting in severe coughing fits and breathing problems.
• Symptoms: Whooping cough begins with cold-like symptoms,   with a slight fever, then leads to intense coughing with a unique “whoop” sound.
  • Coughing fits may cause vomiting, and infants and young children may have trouble breathing during sleep.

Enroll now for UPSC Online Course

• Diagnosis: Identifying whooping cough relies on clinical symptoms, medical background, and specific tests:
  • Nasopharyngeal swab: This gathers respiratory secretions for PCR testing.
  • Blood tests: These detect antibodies against Bordetella pertussis.
• Treatment: Prompt treatment is vital to prevent complications and alleviate symptoms.
  • Doctors often prescribe antibiotics such as azithromycin, erythromycin, or clarithromycin to infected individuals. This helps shorten the illness duration and decreases transmission.
  • Supportive care may involve staying hydrated, resting, and keeping an eye out for complications like pneumonia or dehydration.
• Prevention Measures: Vaccination stands as the most effective safeguard against whooping cough. Vaccines like DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis) and Tdap are advised for children.