Context: 

China hosts the first C+C5 summit in the city of Xi’an, attended by leaders of five Central Asian countries (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan).

• The Xi’an Declaration is signed, outlining the future development of China-Central Asia relations.
• The sixth countries focused on the 10th anniversary of Belt and Road cooperation as a new starting point.

Inauguration of China-Central Asia Summit Mechanism:

• The China-Central Asia Summit mechanism is officially inaugurated, paving the way for future biennial summits.
• Kazakhstan was selected as the host for the next summit in 2025.

Regional Complexities and Shifting Dynamics:

• The summit reflects China’s expanding influence in the region, posing a challenge to Russia’s ambitions.
• However, Central Asian countries maintain balanced regional and international engagements, including meetings with Russian President Vladimir Putin.
• Central Asian presidents’ visit to Moscow for the Victory Day parade demonstrates their commitment to balanced relationships.

Central Asian Countries’ Multi-Vector Foreign Policy:

• Success of Multi-Vectored Foreign Policy:
  • Central Asian countries successfully implement a multi-vectored foreign policy, extending beyond the Russia-China axis.
  • This policy signifies their sovereignty and strengthens economic and political ties with various centers of power.

• Engagement with External Actors:
  • European Council President’s visit to Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan strengthens ties and interregional cooperation.
  • Turkmenistan maintains a policy of neutrality and cooperation with all countries.
  • Uzbekistan prioritizes regional security, including concerns about Afghanistan, and engages with various countries and organizations.
  • Kyrgyzstan prioritizes economic and security concerns, particularly with Russia as its main security partner.
  • Tajikistan adopts an open-door policy, seeking friendly relations with all countries based on mutual respect and shared interests.

Lessons for the Broader Post-Soviet Space:

• Central Asia as an Example: Central Asian republics’ multi-vectorism offers benefits by maintaining friendly ties with multiple players, including Russia.
  • Georgia and Moldova should consider this approach in their aspirations for EU/NATO membership without sacrificing relations with Russia.
• Moldova’s Pro-Western Policy: Moldova rallies in support of pro-Western government policies and aims to join the EU by 2030.

Conclusion: 

Despite this pivot, Russia remains a geographic neighbor, emphasizing the need for a multi-vectored foreign policy for lasting peace in the region.

News Source: The Hindu