With recent extreme heatwaves affecting multiple Indian states, the focus is shifting from emission reduction to heat adaptation strategies.

Rising Heatwaves in India

• Heatwaves in India: Heatwaves were officially reported in Goa and Maharashtra in February. Odisha, Telangana, and Maharashtra have already crossed 40°C. 
  • 31 States/UTs recorded night temperatures at least 1°C above normal, while 22 States/UTs reported 3°C to 5°C above normal.
• Climate Change impact: February, typically classified as winter, is now witnessing new climate normals due to rising global temperatures.
• Short Term measures: A study by the Sustainable Futures Collaborative found that none of the nine Indian cities examined had long-term heat action plans. Current responses focus on short-term emergency measures:
  • Providing drinking water
  • Adjusting work hours
  • Boosting hospital capacity
• Possible Long- term measures: Missing long-term solutions include:
  • Cooling access for vulnerable populations
  • Income insurance for workers during extreme heat
  • Improved fire management
  • Upgrading electricity grids for reliability
• Climate Adaptation Required: Current green initiatives (tree planting, open spaces, rooftop solar) often fail to focus on at-risk populations.

Way Forward

• Shift to Adaptation: Efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions have been slow, leading to a stronger focus on heat adaptation. 
  • Affordable cooling devices are commonly suggested but raise concerns about increased use of ozone-depleting refrigerants.
• Cooling Strategies: Experts advocate for green infrastructure, sustainable buildings, and passive cooling solutions. Challenges include:
  • Impact on land prices
  • Urban planning constraints

Conclusion

India must formulate a comprehensive national heat strategy. It should be integrated into the National Adaptation Plan. Preparation ahead of COP30 (Brazil, November 2025) to align with global climate commitments.