Heat Plan

Heat Plan 22 Mar 2025

Heat Plan

With recent extreme heatwaves affecting multiple Indian states, the focus is shifting from emission reduction to heat adaptation strategies.

Rising Heatwaves in India

  • Heatwaves in India: Heatwaves were officially reported in Goa and Maharashtra in February. Odisha, Telangana, and Maharashtra have already crossed 40°C
    • 31 States/UTs recorded night temperatures at least 1°C above normal, while 22 States/UTs reported 3°C to 5°C above normal.
  • Climate Change impact: February, typically classified as winter, is now witnessing new climate normals due to rising global temperatures.
  • Short Term measures: A study by the Sustainable Futures Collaborative found that none of the nine Indian cities examined had long-term heat action plans. Current responses focus on short-term emergency measures:
    • Providing drinking water
    • Adjusting work hours
    • Boosting hospital capacity
  • Possible Long- term measures: Missing long-term solutions include:
    • Cooling access for vulnerable populations
    • Income insurance for workers during extreme heat
    • Improved fire management
    • Upgrading electricity grids for reliability
  • Climate Adaptation Required: Current green initiatives (tree planting, open spaces, rooftop solar) often fail to focus on at-risk populations.

Way Forward

  • Shift to Adaptation: Efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions have been slow, leading to a stronger focus on heat adaptation
    • Affordable cooling devices are commonly suggested but raise concerns about increased use of ozone-depleting refrigerants.
  • Cooling Strategies: Experts advocate for green infrastructure, sustainable buildings, and passive cooling solutions. Challenges include:
    • Impact on land prices
    • Urban planning constraints

Conclusion

India must formulate a comprehensive national heat strategy. It should be integrated into the National Adaptation Plan. Preparation ahead of COP30 (Brazil, November 2025) to align with global climate commitments.

 

Mains Practice

Q. Examine the early onset of summer and rising heatwaves in India. What are the implications of these changing climate patterns on public health, infrastructure, and urban planning in the country? (15 Marks, 250 Words)

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