Context

The Indian government recognized the need for railways modernization and embarked on an ambitious mission to transform from existing trains into world-class transportation. 

History of Indian Railways

• Colonial Beginnings: Established in 1853 by the British for colonial interests. Once had a more developed network than China.
• Decline and Stagnation: Now struggling to compete with China’s infrastructure.

Main Issues Facing Indian Railways

• Capacity: Overcrowding, especially in non-AC coaches.
• Speed: Poor track network limiting train speeds.
• Safety and Delays: Accidents, vacant safety-related related posts, and frequent delays.
  • Track Capacity: 40% of tracks operating beyond capacity.
  • Accidents: Majority of accidents caused by derailment due to poor track system.
  • Safety Personnel: Vacant safety-related posts and limited anti-collision systems.
  • Delays: Delays causing significant loss of time for passengers.
• Railway Finance: Operating at a loss, cross- subsidization, and project delays.
  • Operating Ratio: 107 (spending Rs 107 to earn Rs 100).
  • Cross-subsidization: Between freight and passenger services.
  • Capital Investment: Dependence on budget and loans for infrastructure.
  • Project Delays: Increasing costs.
  • Revenue Loss: Due to ticketless travel.

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Way Forward

• Infrastructure Investment: Investment in infrastructure
• Manufacturing Model: Adoption of China’s manufacturing model
• Mission Raftaar: Mission Raftaar to increase train speeds
• High-Speed Tracks: Development of high-speed compatible tracks

Conclusion

With concerted efforts and strategic planning, Indian Railways can usher in a new era of efficiency, safety, and modernization, fulfilling its critical role in India’s economic development and societal connectivity.