Context

Globally, and in India, tuberculosis (TB) continues to remain a significant public health challenge impacting millions.

Tuberculosis (TB): A Global Health Crisis Requiring Immediate Action

• Slow Progress to Fight Against Tuberculosis: The challenge is huge and progress is not fast enough despite ambitious goals set by India’s health authorities to eliminate TB.
• Lack of Efficient and High Quality Care: Access to efficient and high quality care, diagnosis, treatment and support is still not available to every person diagnosed with the disease.
• Urgent Call for a Paradigm Shift in India’s Approach to TB Control: India requires a shift in its approach to controlling TB, emphasizing the central role of those affected and their lived experiences in addressing this long standing disease.
• Broadening Perspectives on Tuberculosis Beyond Medicalization: At times, TB has been excessively medicalized, a tendency common among doctors and public health professionals. 
  • TB has been overlooked as a humanitarian, gender-specific, economic, and socio-environmental crisis.

TB Control in India Calls for Person-Centred Solutions

• Prioritizing Patient and Community Needs: 

  • The needs and the interests of patients and communities must be prioritized within the care paradigm and the health- care system.
    • This principle, echoed by survivors, communities, health experts and policymakers, underscores the need for a person-centred approach to TB care and management.

• Understanding Lived Experiences:  

  • The greatest gap has been in understanding the lived experiences of the affected individual fighting and surviving TB.
    • The experiences and challenges faced by the individuals who have previously suffered from TB should be considered in formulating policies to support current TB patients. 

• Issues faced by TB Patients: 

  • Major problems faced by the TB patients include:
    • Social stigma
    • Isolation
    • Discrimination at Workplaces
    • Nutrition
    • Mental Health Issues

• Major Steps to Tackle TB: 

  • Steps to effectively deal with TB include:
    • Testing facilities in rural areas in order to diagnose TB in initial stages only
    • Medicines at affordable prices
    • Nutrition to diagnosed TB patients
    • Proper Air Ventilation
    • Tackling myths and stigma attached to TB

• Care Needs to be More Humane: 

• • By supporting frontline TB workers, strengthening supply chains and procurement mechanisms, decentralising TB services and empowering local communities, India can reduce stigma, overcome barriers to access and enhance treatment outcomes.

• Tapping Technology: 

  • Leveraging technology and innovation holds promise in enhancing TB care efforts in India.
    • The adoption of Al and digital health solutions for TB diagnosis, adherence and surveillance can revolutionise the way TB care is delivered and accessed in the country.
    • By investing in developing better vaccines, TB can be eliminated.

Conclusion

The path to TB elimination in India requires a concerted effort to prioritise person-centred care, address social determinants of health, and embrace innovation. By adopting a holistic and person-centred approach, India can overcome the barriers that stand in the way of TB control and create a healthier future for all its citizens.