Important Topics for Environment & Ecology for UPSC Mains 2024

PWOnlyIAS July 24, 2024 12:29 343 0

A list of important topics for Environment & Ecology for UPSC Mains 2024 is provided here for candidates appearing for UPSC Mains 2024. Check out the Environment & Ecology topics for Mains 2024 here.

Important Topics for Environment & Ecology for UPSC Mains 2024: Environment & Ecology is one of the crucial parts of UPSC Mains GS Paper 3. Every year, around 15-20 marks questions about Environment & Ecology are asked in the exam. With an increasing global focus on environmental conservation and sustainable development, this subject has gained even more importance. Here we have provided a detailed overview of the Important Topics for Environment & Ecology for UPSC Mains 2024, along with insights into previous years’ questions with answers.

List of the Important Topics for Environment & Ecology for UPSC Mains 2024

Environment & Ecology is a dynamic and ever-evolving field. It covers a broad spectrum of topics, from climate change and biodiversity to environmental policies and sustainable development. For UPSC aspirants, a thorough understanding of these topics is crucial as they are not only relevant for the Mains exam but also for Prelims and the Interview stages. Here, we will highlight the Important Topics for Environment & Ecology for UPSC Mains 2024 to help you streamline your preparation:

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Important Topic for Environment & Ecology for UPSC Mains 2024
Topics	Subtopics
Biodiversity and Conservation	Importance of biodiversity Threats to biodiversity Conservation strategies Protected areas (national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, biosphere reserves)
Climate Change and Global Warming	Causes and effects of climate change International agreements (Paris Agreement, Kyoto Protocol) Mitigation and adaptation strategies Role of IPCC and other global organizations
Environmental Pollution and Control	Types of pollution (air, water, soil, noise) Sources and effects of pollution Pollution control measures and legislation Role of technology in pollution control
Sustainable Development and Environmental Governance	Principles of sustainable development Global and national policies for sustainable development Role of international organizations (UNEP, World Bank) Environmental impact assessment (EIA)
Natural Resources and Their Management	Types of natural resources (renewable and non-renewable) Resource management strategies Issues related to over-exploitation of resources Role of technology in resource conservation
General Issues on Environmental Ecology	Ecological terms like ecotone, ecological niche, and ecosystem Effects of environmental deterioration and its impact on human beings The food chain in the ecosystem
Pollution	Acid rain Photochemical smog Greenhouse gases (GHGs) Ozone hole Algal bloom
Ecologically Sensitive Areas	Western Ghats Himalayas
Laws, Regulatory Bodies, and Policies	Environment Protection Act Forest Right Act National Biodiversity Authority Protocols and summits like the Cartagena Protocol, Nagoya Protocol, and Lima Conference
Intergovernmental Organizations, Treaties, and Conventions	Ramsar Convention Montreux Record The three Rio Conventions: Convention on Biological Diversity (CoB), United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)

Environment & Ecology Mains PYQs

Studying past Environment & Ecology Mains PYQs (Previous Year Questions) is important for understanding the types of questions asked and the key areas of focus. This practice helps identify common question topics and trends, guiding your preparation strategy. Environment & Ecology Mains PYQs with answers are provided here:

Environment & Ecology Mains PYQs
Year	Questions	Word Limit	Marks
2023	What is oil pollution? What are its impacts on the marine ecosystem? In what way is oil pollution particularly harmful for a country like India?	150 Words	10 Marks
2023	Comment on the National Wetland Conservation Programme initiated by the Government of India and name a few India’s wetlands of international importance included in the Ramsar Sites.	250 Words	15 Marks
2023	The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has predicted a global sea level rise of about one metre by AD 2100. What would be its impact in India and the other countries in the Indian Ocean region?	250 Words	15 Marks
2022	Discuss in detail the photochemical smog emphasizing its formation, effects and mitigation. Explain the 1999 Gothenburg Protocol.	150 Words	10 Marks
2022	Explain the causes and effects of coastal erosion in India. What are the available coastal management techniques for combating the hazard?	250 Words	15 Marks
2022	Discuss global warming and mention its effects on global climate. Explain the control measures to bring down the level of greenhouse gasses which cause global warming in the light of the Kyoto Protocol 1997.	250 Words	15 Marks
2021	Describe the major outcome of the 26th session of the Conference of Parties [COP] to the United Nations Framework conversation on climate change [UNFCCC]. What are the commitments made by India in this conference	250 Words	15 Marks
2021	Q.2 Explain the causes and effects of coastal erosion in India. What are the available coastal management techniques for combating the hazard?	250 Words	15 Marks
2021	Q.3 Discuss global warming and mention its effects on global climate. Explain the control measures to bring down the level of greenhouse gasses which cause global warming in the light of the Kyoto Protocol 1997.	250 Words	15 Marks
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The Environment & Ecology section is integral to the UPSC Mains examination. By focusing on the Important Topics for Environment & Ecology for UPSC Mains 2024, regularly practicing Environment & Ecology Mains PYQs, and staying updated with current developments, aspirants can enhance their preparation and perform well in this crucial segment of the exam.

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