Answer:

Introduction:

Bhagat Singh and Mahatma Gandhi were two paramount leaders who played instrumental roles in India’s freedom struggle. Both possessed unique ideological perspectives, representing the spectrum of methods and philosophies that mobilized millions. While their ultimate aim was the same – India’s independence – their strategies, beliefs, and visions varied.

Body:

Approaches towards Non-Violence:

• Mahatma Gandhi:
  • Perspective: Gandhi staunchly believed in ‘Ahimsa’ or non-violence. He asserted that non-violence was not just a strategy but a principle.
  • For example, his numerous Satyagraha movements, like the Dandi March and Non-Cooperation Movement, revolved around civil disobedience without resorting to violence.
• Bhagat Singh:
  • Perspective: Bhagat Singh acknowledged the significance of non-violence but also believed that circumstances might necessitate violence for larger objectives.
  • For example, the assembly bomb incident in 1929 was symbolic. Though the intention was not to harm anyone, it was a way to make a loud statement against the oppressive British regime.

Political Activism:

• Mahatma Gandhi:
  • Perspective: Gandhi’s approach was mass-centric. He believed in involving the common people, instilling in them a sense of agency and power. His movements were generally broad-based and sought to include diverse segments of the society.
  • For example, the Khilafat Movement saw Hindus and Muslims unite under a single banner, showcasing his commitment to inclusive political activism.
• Bhagat Singh:
  • Perspective: Singh’s political activism was more radical and was associated with a fervent youth movement. His methods were designed to shock the establishment and make them sit up and take notice.
  • For instance, his hunger strike in jail protested against the deplorable conditions of Indian prisoners and the discrimination they faced compared to their European counterparts.

Visions for a Free India:

• Mahatma Gandhi:
  • Perspective: Gandhi envisaged a self-reliant India based on the concept of ‘Gram Swaraj’ or village republics. He stressed the importance of communal harmony, simplicity, and cottage industries.
  • For example, his emphasis on spinning khadi was not just symbolic of self-reliance but was also a vision for an economic model rooted in India’s villages.
• Bhagat Singh:
  • Perspective: Singh’s vision was more modernist. He was inspired by socialist principles and desired an India where the means of production were owned by the masses, ensuring economic equity.
  • For example, his writings, like “Why I am an Atheist”, give insights into his progressive thoughts, emphasizing science, reason, and a departure from old dogmas.

Conclusion:

Bhagat Singh and Mahatma Gandhi, despite their distinct ideologies, remain two pillars of India’s freedom struggle. Gandhi’s stress on non-violence and mass mobilization and Singh’s radical approach both had profound impacts on shaking the British Raj. Their legacies teach us that the journey to a common goal can have multiple paths. While contrasting in methods, both leaders were united in their undying love for India and their unwavering commitment to its freedom.