Answer:

Sustainable development aims to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Balancing future generations’ rights with present-day environmental responsibilities is crucial to ensuring long-term ecological stability. However, an excessive focus on safeguarding future generations may lead to neglect of immediate environmental issues, which also require urgent attention for the sustainability of the planet.

Why Focus on Future Generations’ Rights May Detract from Present-day Environmental Responsibilities:

• Delayed Action on Immediate Issues: A focus on long-term sustainability often leads to postponing necessary actions for current environmental crises, such as pollution and deforestation.
  For example: Projects aimed at reducing carbon emissions by 2050 may ignore the immediate need for air quality improvements in major cities like Delhi.
• Resource Allocation Imbalance: Overemphasizing future-oriented projects may divert funds and resources from pressing current environmental challenges.
• Overlooking Vulnerable Populations: Immediate environmental actions often benefit vulnerable communities, but focusing only on future sustainability risks neglecting their current needs.
  For instance: Indigenous communities in North-East India face deforestation impacts today, which future-focused policies may fail to address.
• Policy Deadlocks Due to Long-Term Goals: Future-focused environmental policies can create delays in decision-making, as long-term impacts are difficult to predict, preventing decisive action on current issues.
• Economic Trade-offs: Prioritising future sustainability might conflict with economic development goals, which are often more pressing in developing countries.

Why Environmental Challenges Require Immediate Action:

• Biodiversity Loss: The rapid loss of biodiversity is an irreversible process that demands immediate intervention to preserve ecosystems for both current and future generations.
• Climate Change Intensification: The intensifying impacts of climate change, such as rising temperatures and extreme weather events, require urgent measures to mitigate present-day damage.
  For example: Mumbai and Chennai face immediate risks of flooding, necessitating adaptive infrastructure today, not just future plans.
• Water Scarcity: Water resources are rapidly depleting due to overuse and pollution, and delays in addressing these issues could result in catastrophic shortages.
  For example: Chennai experienced an unprecedented water crisis in 2019, highlighting the need for urgent water management reforms.
• Air Pollution Crisis: The current levels of air pollution in Indian cities pose immediate public health threats, and delaying action worsens long-term human health outcomes.
  For example: Delhi’s air pollution peaks each winter, causing respiratory illnesses and reducing life expectancy, demanding urgent mitigation strategies.
• Soil Degradation: Rapid soil degradation caused by unsustainable farming practices and deforestation threatens food security, requiring immediate soil conservation efforts.
  For example: The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) has emphasised the urgent need to improve soil health to safeguard agricultural productivity.

Balancing Future Generations’ Rights and Present-day Responsibilities in Policy-Making:

• Integrating Short-term and Long-term Goals: Policies should balance immediate needs and long-term sustainability by integrating short-term solutions with future goals.
  For instance: India’s National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) focuses on reducing carbon emissions today while promoting sustainable development for future generations.
• Adaptive Policy Frameworks: Policies should be flexible to adapt to evolving environmental conditions, addressing both current crises and future uncertainties.
  For instance: The National Water Mission promotes adaptive strategies for present-day water conservation while planning for future needs in a changing climate.
• Inclusive Development Models: Ensuring that policies incorporate inclusive growth models helps to address both current socio-economic and environmental issues without compromising future sustainability.
  For instance: The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 includes provisions for environmental conservation, benefiting both present and future generations.
• Sustainable Resource Management: Implementing sustainable resource management strategies ensures that natural resources are used efficiently, benefiting both current and future populations.
  For instance: India’s promotion of organic farming through schemes like Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana helps improve soil health for current farmers while preserving it for future generations.
• Public-Private Partnerships: Leveraging public-private partnerships (PPPs) in environmental projects can help meet both immediate infrastructure needs and long-term sustainability goals.
  For instance: The Clean Ganga Mission combines government and private sector efforts to clean the river now while ensuring its long-term ecological health.

Balancing the rights of future generations with present-day environmental responsibilities is essential for sustainable development. Policies must be designed to address immediate ecological challenges while ensuring long-term sustainability. By adopting adaptive strategies and integrating inclusive development models, India can ensure that both present and future generations enjoy a healthy and thriving environment, contributing to the global sustainability effort.