Public Health Service in India

In India, Public health is a State subject, however, the delivery of health services in India is provided by both government and private providers, as well as non-governmental organizations. The role of government in health is often to steer the overall health development by creating health policies and programmes, managing essential public health functions, and overseeing how health services are delivered.

Understanding Health Service: Beyond Illness to a Holistic Well-being Approach

• Meaning: Health encompasses more than just the absence of illness or injury; it encompasses various factors that contribute to our overall well-being.

• Factors Influencing Health: Beyond diseases, health is influenced by several factors that often go unnoticed.

• Clean Water and Environment: Consider the impact of clean drinking water and a pollution-free environment; both play significant roles in maintaining good health. 
• Impact of Living Conditions: Conversely, inadequate food and overcrowded living conditions can make individuals susceptible to illnesses.
• Mental and Emotional Well-being: Optimal Health isn’t solely about avoiding physical ailments; it also involves Mental and Emotional aspects. 
  • Being active, cheerful, and free from prolonged Mental Strain contributes to a healthy lifestyle. 
  • Continuous periods of inactivity, anxiety, or fear can negatively impact well-being.
• Holistic Approach: In essence, health encompasses the entirety of our lives. 
• Comprehensive Well-being: It goes beyond disease prevention to encompass elements like access to clean resources, a safe environment, nutritious food, and positive mental states. 
• Interconnected Factors: Recognising these interconnected factors helps us approach health holistically, ensuring a Balanced and Thriving Life. 

What is the current status and what challenges are being faced in health services in India?

The following table provides a brief overview of the current status and what challenges being faced in health services in India as discussed below:

Difference Between Public and Private Health Services

• Healthcare Services can be broadly categorized into two main types: Public health services and Private health facilities. 
• These categories serve different purposes and populations, each with its own characteristics and functions.

What are the public health services?

• Government Facilities: Public health services comprise a network of Government-run Health Centres and Hospitals. 
• Equal Accessibility: These facilities are strategically located in both rural and urban areas, providing a range of medical services, from common ailments to specialized treatments. 
  • Rural Health Care: At the Village Level, health centers are staffed with nurses and village health workers trained to address common health issues, working under the guidance of doctors at Primary Health Centres (PHCs). 
  • District Hospitals: They oversee the operations of these health centers, while larger cities house government hospitals and specialized healthcare institutions.
• Nature of Public Health services: These facilities are established and operated by the Government.
• Funding: It is derived from taxes paid by the public, with the objective of offering healthcare to all citizens. 
• Quality Healthcare: Emphasize quality healthcare that is accessible either free or at a low cost, ensuring even the economically disadvantaged can avail treatment.
• Disease Prevention: Plays a vital role in Disease Prevention and Control, requiring collaboration between the government and the public. 
  • For instance, initiatives to prevent the breeding of disease-carrying mosquitoes involve the collective efforts of all residents.
• Constitutional Mandate: The Constitution mandates the government to uphold citizens’ well-being and provide healthcare services for all, safeguarding the Right to Life. 
  • In situations where timely medical treatment is not delivered, this Fundamental Right is compromised. 
• Essential Health Services: Courts have underscored the Government’s Responsibility to provide essential health services, including emergency care.

What are the private health services?

• Private Ownership: These are owned and operated by individuals, organisations, or corporations.
• Paid Medical Services: Offer medical services to those willing to pay for them. 
• Higher Costs: While they provide an alternative to public health services, they often come at a higher cost.