Answer: 

Introduction:

The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), established in 1985, has faced significant limitations in its effectiveness due to persistent tensions and disagreements between India and Pakistan. Over the past few years, SAARC has been largely inactive, primarily due to friction between the two countries. This article explores the consequences of this situation and the importance of engaging Pakistan to address the economic and security challenges faced by SAARC member nations.

Body:

• Friction between India and Pakistan: The attack on an Indian Army camp in Uri by militants crossing the Line of Control in India-administered Kashmir further heightened the tensions between India and Pakistan. The Indian government condemned Pakistan strongly and sought to isolate Islamabad on the international stage. India’s decision to withdraw from the 19th SAARC Summit in Islamabad in 2016 was a clear indication of its stance.
• SAARC Minus Pakistan: India’s withdrawal from the SAARC summit aimed to convey a strong message in the aftermath of the Uri attack and also to pursue an alternative approach called “SAARC minus Pakistan.” This approach suggests that addressing South Asian challenges without Pakistan’s involvement might be more feasible due to the civil-military dissonance in Pakistan’s policy towards India. Additionally, Pakistan’s obstruction of economic integration by blocking connectivity initiatives has impeded progress within SAARC.
• Impediments to Economic Integration: Pakistan’s policies have stalled important agreements on trade liberalization, cross-border trade in energy, and road connectivity. These actions have not only hindered regional economic cooperation but also led to the formation of sub-regional frameworks such as the BBIN (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal) cooperation, which excludes Pakistan. India has turned towards alternative regional organizations like BIMSTEC, as witnessed during the BIMSTEC summit held alongside the BRICS Summit.
• Security Challenges and Regional Cooperation: Pakistan’s role in using terrorism as a tool of state policy has posed significant security challenges in the region. Being strategically positioned between South Asia and Central Asia, Pakistan plays a crucial role in intra- and inter-regional trade and commerce. Effectively addressing security concerns and achieving regional cooperation within SAARC necessitates the involvement of Pakistan in the framework.

Conclusion:

Tensions and disagreements between India and Pakistan have hampered SAARC’s effectiveness, it is crucial to engage Pakistan to overcome the economic and security challenges faced by South Asian nations. Pakistan’s central geographic location and its influence on trade and commerce make it essential to include the country within the SAARC framework for regional cooperation. By promoting dialogue and understanding between India and Pakistan, SAARC can regain its purpose and work towards fostering peace, stability, and prosperity in the region.