Answer: 

Introduction:

Information Technology is the use of electronic equipment, especially computers, for collecting, storing and sending out information. India is one of the key players in the field of IT. The IT industries in India are concentrated in the major metropolitan cities of India such as Bengaluru, Mumbai, Chennai, Noida, Pune, etc.

Body:

This isolated concentration of the IT industries in these cities have several socio-economic implications.

Some positive implications are:  

• Economic boost: Development of IT industries in major cities has led to development of massive employment opportunities. This rise in employment led to the rise of new middle, higher income and improved standard of living. Greater focus on consumption has led to the development of ancillary businesses as well.
  • The IT industry contributes to about 8% of GDP.
• Gender parity: The labor force participation of women in quality jobs is comparatively more in these cities due to development of IT industries. It has led to their financial independence and empowerment.
• Social infrastructure: Development of IT industries have given boost to the social infrastructure as the people working in IT industries aspire for and are willing to pay for good quality services. This could be seen in high availability of schools, hospitals, transport facilities, etc. in these cities.
• Migration: As these cities have become the center of knowledge economy, there is a marked preference among the educated youth to migrate into these cities for better career opportunities.
• Social mobility: The growth of the IT industry has provided opportunities for social mobility, particularly for those from lower socio-economic backgrounds. Many IT professionals have been able to move up the socio-economic ladder as a result of their employment in the industry.
• Cultural changes: The concentration of IT industries in major cities has also led to a marked shift towards accepting western language, rise in nuclear families, rise of working hostels and Paying Guest services, shift in food choices and modes of recreation. There is also a rise in cosmopolitan culture in these cities.

There are some negative implications as well. They can be seen as follows:

• Imbalanced development and economic disparity: Concentration of IT industry in a handful of major cities has led them to develop faster than the semi urban Tier 2 and 3 cities. Moreover, there is also a huge wage gap between IT workers and other workers.
  • For example, tier 2 and 3 cities like Lucknow, Jaipur, Chandigarh, Bhubaneshwar, Indore were developing slower than their surrounding IT based cities like Delhi, Gurugram, Mumbai, etc.
• Brain drain: The concentration of the IT industry in major cities has led to a brain drain in other parts of the country, as people flock to the cities in search of employment opportunities.
• Increased cost of living: Rising real estate prices and increased competition for skilled workers make it difficult for people from lower end jobs in the IT industry to continue to live in these cities.
• Stressful way of living: The inevitability of a job has led to people working beyond their capacity, creating a work-life imbalance. This leads to stress which impacts physical and mental health and also affects family relations.
• Worsening Rural-Urban Divide: As infrastructure development is focused in these cities, there is a lack of infrastructure in rural areas which impacts their socio-economic development.
• Security challenges: The late-night work culture, rise in affluence have parallelly enhanced the security challenges for the citizens and administration alike with incidents of thefts, eve-teasing etc. on the rise.

Conclusion:

The development of IT industries has come as a boon for the country. India’s technology services industry can achieve USD 300-350 billion in annual revenue by 2025 if it can exploit the fast-emerging business potential in cloud networking, artificial intelligence (AI), cybersecurity and other emerging technologies. But for growth to be truly inclusive, the investment in this sector should be evenly distributed and not centered to a few locations.