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March 27, 2024 1267 0
The right to freedom, encapsulated in Articles 19-22 of the Indian Constitution, is a cornerstone of democracy and individual liberty. These articles guarantee essential freedoms such as speech, expression, assembly, association, and movement. They serve as a shield against arbitrary state action and ensure that citizens can exercise their rights without undue interference. The right to freedom is fundamental for the functioning of a democratic society, fostering diversity, dissent, and societal progress while upholding human dignity and autonomy.
Article 19: Freedom of Speech and Expression
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Article 19 (1)(a) Freedom of Speech and Expression |
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Article 19 (1)(b) Freedom of Assembly |
All Citizens have the right to assemble peaceably and without arms.
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Article 19 (1)(c) Freedom of Association |
All citizens have the right to form associations or unions or cooperative societies:
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Article- 19(1)(d) Freedom of Movement |
Every citizen has the right to move freely – Interstate and Intrastate movements.
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Article- 19(1)(e) Freedom of Residence |
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Article- 19(1)(g) Freedom of Profession |
All citizens are given the right to practice any profession or to carry on any occupation, trade and business.
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Article 20 (Protection in respect of conviction for offences) |
Protection against arbitrary and excessive punishment to an accused person – Citizen, or foreigner or legal person like a company or a corporation.
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Article 21 (protection of life and personal liberty) |
No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to the procedure established by law. This right is available to both citizens and non-citizens.
Landmark Cases on Article 21
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Rights as part of Article 21:
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Article 21A (inserted by the 86th CAA, 2002) |
State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of 6-14 years, in such manner as the State may, by law, determine.
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Article 22 | Grants protection to persons who are arrested or detained in certain cases. [UPSC 2023]
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Must Read | |
NCERT Notes For UPSC | UPSC Daily Current Affairs |
UPSC Blogs | UPSC Daily Editorials |
Daily Current Affairs Quiz | Daily Main Answer Writing |
Conclusion
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