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UPSC GS Paper – 4: Q5a.  Is conscience a more reliable guide when compared to laws, rules  and regulations in the context of ethical decision-making ? Discuss.

Gaurav Soni September 30, 2023 05:20 3091 0

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UPSC GS Paper – 4: Q5a.  Is conscience a more reliable guide when compared to laws, rules  and regulations in the context of ethical decision-making ? Discuss.

Q5a.  Is conscience a more reliable guide when compared to laws, rules  and regulations in the context of ethical decision-making ? Discuss.

Ans:
Introduction

Conscience, emphasised by thinkers like Socrates, serves as an intrinsic moral compass, guiding individuals in ethical judgments and actions, such as offering immediate assistance to an accident victim. On the other hand, laws, rules, and regulations are structured frameworks established by authorities to regulate behavior, maintain social order, and ensure justice within a community, exemplified by traffic laws governing speed limits and driving rules to uphold road order.

Body

Reliability of Conscience:

  • Moral Autonomy: Conscience operates as an internal moral compass, embodying an individual’s core values and beliefs, allowing for independent ethical decision-making by distinguishing right from wrong. For example, Mahatma Gandhi’s commitment to the “inner voice” principle during the Indian independence movement showcased moral autonomy in action.
  • Personal Accountability: Relying on one’s conscience promotes personal accountability in ethical decision-making, fostering a sense of responsibility as individuals take ownership of their actions based on moral judgement. Courageous acts of whistleblowers like Satyendra Dubey in India serve as examples.
  • Adaptability: Conscience can adapt to complex ethical dilemmas. It considers nuances and context, allowing individuals to navigate situations where strict rules or regulations may not apply or provide clear guidance. For instance, during Kerala floods, people’s conscience led them to aid beyond legal mandates.
  • Consideration of Consequences: Conscience often prompts individuals to consider the ethical consequences of their actions, including how their decisions impact others and society as a whole. Illustratively, Ashok Khemka, an IAS officer, upheld his conscience despite the risk of frequent transfers.
  • Ethical Development: Over time, an individual’s conscience can mature and become more refined as they gain life experiences and engage in moral reflection, enhancing its reliability as a guide for ethical decision-making. Development of environmental consciousness serves as an example. 

Limitations of Relying Solely on Conscience:

  • Subjectivity: Conscience is inherently subjective, influenced by personal beliefs, emotions, and biases, which can lead to inconsistent ethical judgments. For instance, in the context of euthanasia, individuals’ subjective moral beliefs can result in varied opinions on the matter, making it challenging to establish a clear ethical consensus.
  • Lack of Clarity: Conscience may not provide clear guidance in complex or ambiguous ethical situations, leaving individuals uncertain about the right course of action. An example of this ambiguity can be seen in the use of vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic without following proper protocol.
  • Cultural Variability: Conscience can vary significantly across cultures, rendering it an unreliable universal standard for ethical decision-making, as seen in differing cultural perspectives on issues like live-in relationships.
  • Vulnerability to Manipulation: Conscience can be manipulated or misguided, particularly when individuals are under external pressure or influenced by group dynamics. A relevant example is the phenomenon of groupthink, where individuals may suppress their personal moral judgments in favor of conforming to a group’s unethical actions.
  • Legal and Social Consequences: Relying solely on conscience without considering legal or societal norms may lead to legal repercussions or social backlash in cases where individual judgment conflicts with established standards, as exemplified by the alarming instances of mob lynching.

 

Conclusion

To navigate the complexities of ethical decision-making, individuals should consider both their conscience and legal standards, adhering to democratic ethics rooted in both conscience and laws, as advocated by leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru. This balanced approach ensures that personal morality aligns with societal norms, fostering a just and responsible society.

ExtraEdge:

Need for Laws, Rules, and Regulations: 

  • Consistent and Standardised Framework: Laws, rules, and regulations provide a consistent and standardized framework for ethical behavior, offering clear guidelines that promote fairness and predictability for all individuals. Development of the Indian Constitution underscores the importance of structured guidelines in governing society.
  • Creating Deterrence: Ignoring established laws and regulations can lead to legal consequences, such as fines or imprisonment. This acts as a deterrent against unethical behavior and ensures accountability. For example, in the case of financial fraud, legal consequences serve as a deterrence against unethical financial practices.
  • Protecting Society: Laws. rules and regulations are primarily crafted to safeguard the welfare of society, upholding social order by drawing upon collective wisdom and consensus, with the overarching aim of preventing harm. For example, environmental regulations are put in place to mitigate pollution, ultimately benefiting the well-being of communities.
  • Reducing Bias: Conscience can be influenced by personal biases, emotions, and subjectivity. Laws and regulations, when created impartially, aim to reduce such biases and ensure impartial ethical standards. For example, anti-discrimination laws promote impartiality by prohibiting bias based on factors like race, gender, or religion.
  • Preventing Chaos: Laws, rules, and regulations prevent chaos and anarchy in society by establishing boundaries and expectations and providing justice through their enforcement. Criminal laws, for instance, maintain social order by outlining consequences for actions like theft or assault, preventing chaos in society.

 

For a Detailed explanation of the UPSC GS-01 Mains question 2023, click here.

For a Detailed explanation of the UPSC GS-02 Mains question 2023, click here.

For a Detailed explanation of the UPSC GS-03 Mains question 2023, click here.

For a Detailed explanation of the UPSC GS-04 Mains question 2023, click here.

 

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